'pandas使用'

Day76-90/02.Pandas的应用.md

@@ -1,2 +1,25 @@
 ## Pandas的应用
 
+### 1、pandas入门
+
+### 2、pandas索引
+
+### 3、pandas数据清洗之空数据
+
+[数据挖掘之空数据处理（有史以来最全面）]: https://blog.csdn.net/Soft_Po/article/details/89302887
+
+### 4、pandas多层索引
+
+### 5、pandas多层索引计算
+
+### 6、pandas数据集成concat
+
+### 7、pandas数据集成merge
+
+### 8、pandas分组聚合操作
+
+### 9、pandas数据集成实战
+
+### 10、美国大选项目
+
+[2012美国大选政治献金项目数据分析（有史以来最全面）]: https://blog.csdn.net/Soft_Po/article/details/89283382

Day76-90/code/1-pandas入门.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,631 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Math       120\n",
+       "Python     136\n",
+       "En         128\n",
+       "Chinese     99\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 创建\n",
+    "# Series是一维的数据\n",
+    "s = Series(data = [120,136,128,99],index = ['Math','Python','En','Chinese'])\n",
+    "s"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(4,)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([120, 136, 128,  99], dtype=int64)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "v = s.values\n",
+    "v"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "numpy.ndarray"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "type(v)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "120.75"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.mean()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "136"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.max()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "15.903353943953666"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.std()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Math       14400\n",
+       "Python     18496\n",
+       "En         16384\n",
+       "Chinese     9801\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.pow(2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>a</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>b</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>c</th>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>107</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>d</th>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>e</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>f</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>85</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>h</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>i</th>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>j</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>k</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "a     113  116    75\n",
+       "b      19  145    23\n",
+       "c      57  107   113\n",
+       "d      95    3    66\n",
+       "e      28  121   120\n",
+       "f     141   85   132\n",
+       "h     124   39    10\n",
+       "i      80   35    17\n",
+       "j      68   99    31\n",
+       "k      74   12    11"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# DataFrame是二维的数据\n",
+    "# excel就非诚相似\n",
+    "# 所有进行数据分析，数据挖掘的工具最基础的结果：行和列，行表示样本，列表示的是属性\n",
+    "df = DataFrame(data = np.random.randint(0,150,size = (10,3)),index = list('abcdefhijk'),columns=['Python','En','Math'])\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(10, 3)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[113, 116,  75],\n",
+       "       [ 19, 145,  23],\n",
+       "       [ 57, 107, 113],\n",
+       "       [ 95,   3,  66],\n",
+       "       [ 28, 121, 120],\n",
+       "       [141,  85, 132],\n",
+       "       [124,  39,  10],\n",
+       "       [ 80,  35,  17],\n",
+       "       [ 68,  99,  31],\n",
+       "       [ 74,  12,  11]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "v = df.values\n",
+    "v"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    79.9\n",
+       "En        76.2\n",
+       "Math      59.8\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.mean()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    141\n",
+       "En        145\n",
+       "Math      132\n",
+       "dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.max()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>a</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>b</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>c</th>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>107</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>d</th>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>e</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>f</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>85</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>h</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>i</th>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>j</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>k</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "a     113  116    75\n",
+       "b      19  145    23\n",
+       "c      57  107   113\n",
+       "d      95    3    66\n",
+       "e      28  121   120\n",
+       "f     141   85   132\n",
+       "h     124   39    10\n",
+       "i      80   35    17\n",
+       "j      68   99    31\n",
+       "k      74   12    11"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    79.9\n",
+       "En        76.2\n",
+       "Math      59.8\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.mean(axis = 0)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "a    101.333333\n",
+       "b     62.333333\n",
+       "c     92.333333\n",
+       "d     54.666667\n",
+       "e     89.666667\n",
+       "f    119.333333\n",
+       "h     57.666667\n",
+       "i     44.000000\n",
+       "j     66.000000\n",
+       "k     32.333333\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.mean(axis = 1)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/2-pandas-索引.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,2082 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10      34\n",
+       "11     111\n",
+       "12     113\n",
+       "13     103\n",
+       "14     147\n",
+       "15      63\n",
+       "16      11\n",
+       "17     130\n",
+       "18      38\n",
+       "19      17\n",
+       "20      32\n",
+       "21     112\n",
+       "22      75\n",
+       "23      68\n",
+       "24     124\n",
+       "25     138\n",
+       "26      56\n",
+       "27       1\n",
+       "28      88\n",
+       "29     113\n",
+       "30      63\n",
+       "31      42\n",
+       "32      65\n",
+       "33     104\n",
+       "34     105\n",
+       "35       0\n",
+       "36      95\n",
+       "37     119\n",
+       "38      86\n",
+       "39     124\n",
+       "      ... \n",
+       "80     127\n",
+       "81     139\n",
+       "82     110\n",
+       "83      65\n",
+       "84     127\n",
+       "85     108\n",
+       "86      33\n",
+       "87      91\n",
+       "88     134\n",
+       "89      65\n",
+       "90     110\n",
+       "91     144\n",
+       "92      40\n",
+       "93       3\n",
+       "94       3\n",
+       "95      59\n",
+       "96      97\n",
+       "97      64\n",
+       "98     126\n",
+       "99      94\n",
+       "100     20\n",
+       "101    107\n",
+       "102     59\n",
+       "103    146\n",
+       "104     83\n",
+       "105     59\n",
+       "106     25\n",
+       "107      0\n",
+       "108     78\n",
+       "109     93\n",
+       "Name: Python, Length: 100, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s = Series(np.random.randint(0,150,size = 100),index = np.arange(10,110),dtype=np.int16,name = 'Python')\n",
+    "s"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "ename": "KeyError",
+     "evalue": "0",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-4-b1a877195018>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m      1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;31m# 索引操作\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 2\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0ms\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\series.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    866\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    867\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 868\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_value\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    869\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    870\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_scalar\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mresult\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_value\u001b[1;34m(self, series, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   4373\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   4374\u001b[0m             return self._engine.get_value(s, k,\n\u001b[1;32m-> 4375\u001b[1;33m                                           tz=getattr(series.dtype, 'tz', None))\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   4376\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mas\u001b[0m \u001b[0me1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   4377\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mlen\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m0\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mand\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mholds_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mis_boolean\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_value\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_value\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.Int64HashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.Int64HashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 0"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 索引操作\n",
+    "s[0]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "34"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s[10]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10    34\n",
+       "20    32\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s[[10,20]]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "20     32\n",
+       "21    112\n",
+       "22     75\n",
+       "23     68\n",
+       "24    124\n",
+       "25    138\n",
+       "26     56\n",
+       "27      1\n",
+       "28     88\n",
+       "29    113\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 切片操作\n",
+    "s[10:20]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10      34\n",
+       "12     113\n",
+       "14     147\n",
+       "16      11\n",
+       "18      38\n",
+       "20      32\n",
+       "22      75\n",
+       "24     124\n",
+       "26      56\n",
+       "28      88\n",
+       "30      63\n",
+       "32      65\n",
+       "34     105\n",
+       "36      95\n",
+       "38      86\n",
+       "40       6\n",
+       "42      57\n",
+       "44      72\n",
+       "46      43\n",
+       "48      87\n",
+       "50      83\n",
+       "52      99\n",
+       "54     132\n",
+       "56      17\n",
+       "58     116\n",
+       "60      33\n",
+       "62      51\n",
+       "64      80\n",
+       "66     121\n",
+       "68      81\n",
+       "70       0\n",
+       "72      50\n",
+       "74      31\n",
+       "76     114\n",
+       "78      60\n",
+       "80     127\n",
+       "82     110\n",
+       "84     127\n",
+       "86      33\n",
+       "88     134\n",
+       "90     110\n",
+       "92      40\n",
+       "94       3\n",
+       "96      97\n",
+       "98     126\n",
+       "100     20\n",
+       "102     59\n",
+       "104     83\n",
+       "106     25\n",
+       "108     78\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s[::2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "109     93\n",
+       "107      0\n",
+       "105     59\n",
+       "103    146\n",
+       "101    107\n",
+       "99      94\n",
+       "97      64\n",
+       "95      59\n",
+       "93       3\n",
+       "91     144\n",
+       "89      65\n",
+       "87      91\n",
+       "85     108\n",
+       "83      65\n",
+       "81     139\n",
+       "79      14\n",
+       "77      96\n",
+       "75      76\n",
+       "73      29\n",
+       "71      68\n",
+       "69       4\n",
+       "67      57\n",
+       "65      58\n",
+       "63     106\n",
+       "61      42\n",
+       "59     135\n",
+       "57      56\n",
+       "55      12\n",
+       "53     135\n",
+       "51      74\n",
+       "49     129\n",
+       "47     110\n",
+       "45       1\n",
+       "43      90\n",
+       "41     120\n",
+       "39     124\n",
+       "37     119\n",
+       "35       0\n",
+       "33     104\n",
+       "31      42\n",
+       "29     113\n",
+       "27       1\n",
+       "25     138\n",
+       "23      68\n",
+       "21     112\n",
+       "19      17\n",
+       "17     130\n",
+       "15      63\n",
+       "13     103\n",
+       "11     111\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s[::-2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "34"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 可以使用pandas为开发者提供方法，去进行检索\n",
+    "s.loc[10]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10    34\n",
+       "20    32\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.loc[[10,20]]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10     34\n",
+       "11    111\n",
+       "12    113\n",
+       "13    103\n",
+       "14    147\n",
+       "15     63\n",
+       "16     11\n",
+       "17    130\n",
+       "18     38\n",
+       "19     17\n",
+       "20     32\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.loc[10:20]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10      34\n",
+       "12     113\n",
+       "14     147\n",
+       "16      11\n",
+       "18      38\n",
+       "20      32\n",
+       "22      75\n",
+       "24     124\n",
+       "26      56\n",
+       "28      88\n",
+       "30      63\n",
+       "32      65\n",
+       "34     105\n",
+       "36      95\n",
+       "38      86\n",
+       "40       6\n",
+       "42      57\n",
+       "44      72\n",
+       "46      43\n",
+       "48      87\n",
+       "50      83\n",
+       "52      99\n",
+       "54     132\n",
+       "56      17\n",
+       "58     116\n",
+       "60      33\n",
+       "62      51\n",
+       "64      80\n",
+       "66     121\n",
+       "68      81\n",
+       "70       0\n",
+       "72      50\n",
+       "74      31\n",
+       "76     114\n",
+       "78      60\n",
+       "80     127\n",
+       "82     110\n",
+       "84     127\n",
+       "86      33\n",
+       "88     134\n",
+       "90     110\n",
+       "92      40\n",
+       "94       3\n",
+       "96      97\n",
+       "98     126\n",
+       "100     20\n",
+       "102     59\n",
+       "104     83\n",
+       "106     25\n",
+       "108     78\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.loc[::2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "109     93\n",
+       "107      0\n",
+       "105     59\n",
+       "103    146\n",
+       "101    107\n",
+       "99      94\n",
+       "97      64\n",
+       "95      59\n",
+       "93       3\n",
+       "91     144\n",
+       "89      65\n",
+       "87      91\n",
+       "85     108\n",
+       "83      65\n",
+       "81     139\n",
+       "79      14\n",
+       "77      96\n",
+       "75      76\n",
+       "73      29\n",
+       "71      68\n",
+       "69       4\n",
+       "67      57\n",
+       "65      58\n",
+       "63     106\n",
+       "61      42\n",
+       "59     135\n",
+       "57      56\n",
+       "55      12\n",
+       "53     135\n",
+       "51      74\n",
+       "49     129\n",
+       "47     110\n",
+       "45       1\n",
+       "43      90\n",
+       "41     120\n",
+       "39     124\n",
+       "37     119\n",
+       "35       0\n",
+       "33     104\n",
+       "31      42\n",
+       "29     113\n",
+       "27       1\n",
+       "25     138\n",
+       "23      68\n",
+       "21     112\n",
+       "19      17\n",
+       "17     130\n",
+       "15      63\n",
+       "13     103\n",
+       "11     111\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 14,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.loc[::-2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Int64Index([ 10,  11,  12,  13,  14,  15,  16,  17,  18,  19,  20,  21,  22,\n",
+       "             23,  24,  25,  26,  27,  28,  29,  30,  31,  32,  33,  34,  35,\n",
+       "             36,  37,  38,  39,  40,  41,  42,  43,  44,  45,  46,  47,  48,\n",
+       "             49,  50,  51,  52,  53,  54,  55,  56,  57,  58,  59,  60,  61,\n",
+       "             62,  63,  64,  65,  66,  67,  68,  69,  70,  71,  72,  73,  74,\n",
+       "             75,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81,  82,  83,  84,  85,  86,  87,\n",
+       "             88,  89,  90,  91,  92,  93,  94,  95,  96,  97,  98,  99, 100,\n",
+       "            101, 102, 103, 104, 105, 106, 107, 108, 109],\n",
+       "           dtype='int64')"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.index"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "34"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# iloc 索引从0开始，数字化自然索引\n",
+    "s.iloc[0]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10    34\n",
+       "20    32\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.iloc[[0,10]]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "10     34\n",
+       "11    111\n",
+       "12    113\n",
+       "13    103\n",
+       "14    147\n",
+       "15     63\n",
+       "16     11\n",
+       "17    130\n",
+       "18     38\n",
+       "19     17\n",
+       "20     32\n",
+       "21    112\n",
+       "22     75\n",
+       "23     68\n",
+       "24    124\n",
+       "25    138\n",
+       "26     56\n",
+       "27      1\n",
+       "28     88\n",
+       "29    113\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.iloc[0:20]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "109     93\n",
+       "107      0\n",
+       "105     59\n",
+       "103    146\n",
+       "101    107\n",
+       "99      94\n",
+       "97      64\n",
+       "95      59\n",
+       "93       3\n",
+       "91     144\n",
+       "89      65\n",
+       "87      91\n",
+       "85     108\n",
+       "83      65\n",
+       "81     139\n",
+       "79      14\n",
+       "77      96\n",
+       "75      76\n",
+       "73      29\n",
+       "71      68\n",
+       "69       4\n",
+       "67      57\n",
+       "65      58\n",
+       "63     106\n",
+       "61      42\n",
+       "59     135\n",
+       "57      56\n",
+       "55      12\n",
+       "53     135\n",
+       "51      74\n",
+       "49     129\n",
+       "47     110\n",
+       "45       1\n",
+       "43      90\n",
+       "41     120\n",
+       "39     124\n",
+       "37     119\n",
+       "35       0\n",
+       "33     104\n",
+       "31      42\n",
+       "29     113\n",
+       "27       1\n",
+       "25     138\n",
+       "23      68\n",
+       "21     112\n",
+       "19      17\n",
+       "17     130\n",
+       "15      63\n",
+       "13     103\n",
+       "11     111\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s.iloc[::-2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>J</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>K</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "A     103   56    98\n",
+       "B     135   65   135\n",
+       "C      13   79   146\n",
+       "D      47   24   145\n",
+       "E      89   97    16\n",
+       "F      64   26   109\n",
+       "H      48   46   111\n",
+       "I      16   49    97\n",
+       "J     122  126   100\n",
+       "K      60  136    62"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 21,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# DataFrame是二维，索引大同小异，\n",
+    "df = DataFrame(data = np.random.randint(0,150,size= (10,3)),index=list('ABCDEFHIJK'),columns=['Python','En','Math'])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "ename": "KeyError",
+     "evalue": "'A'",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2656\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2657\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2658\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'A'",
+      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-22-c31f9b0c4302>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'A'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\frame.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2925\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcolumns\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mnlevels\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2926\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_multilevel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2927\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mcolumns\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2928\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2929\u001b[0m                 \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2657\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2658\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2659\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_maybe_cast_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2660\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2661\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndim\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msize\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'A'"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['A']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 23,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "A    103\n",
+       "B    135\n",
+       "C     13\n",
+       "D     47\n",
+       "E     89\n",
+       "F     64\n",
+       "H     48\n",
+       "I     16\n",
+       "J    122\n",
+       "K     60\n",
+       "Name: Python, dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 23,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['Python']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>J</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>K</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En\n",
+       "A     103   56\n",
+       "B     135   65\n",
+       "C      13   79\n",
+       "D      47   24\n",
+       "E      89   97\n",
+       "F      64   26\n",
+       "H      48   46\n",
+       "I      16   49\n",
+       "J     122  126\n",
+       "K      60  136"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 24,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df[['Python','En']]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 25,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Empty DataFrame\n",
+       "Columns: [Python, En, Math]\n",
+       "Index: []"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 25,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['Python':'Math']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 26,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  En  Math\n",
+       "A     103  56    98\n",
+       "B     135  65   135\n",
+       "C      13  79   146\n",
+       "D      47  24   145"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 26,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['A':'D']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "ename": "KeyError",
+     "evalue": "'Python'",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2656\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mtry\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2657\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2658\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'Python'",
+      "\nDuring handling of the above exception, another exception occurred:\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m                                  Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-27-8027bd5615fd>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'Python'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1498\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1499\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1500\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_axis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1501\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1502\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_is_scalar_access\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_getitem_axis\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1911\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;31m# fall thru to straight lookup\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1912\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_validate_key\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1913\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_get_label\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1914\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1915\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_get_label\u001b[1;34m(self, label, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    139\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mraise\u001b[0m \u001b[0mIndexingError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'no slices here, handle elsewhere'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    140\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m--> 141\u001b[1;33m         \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_xs\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mlabel\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m    142\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m    143\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_get_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[1;32mNone\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\generic.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mxs\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis, level, drop_level)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3583\u001b[0m                                                       drop_level=drop_level)\n\u001b[0;32m   3584\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 3585\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mindex\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   3586\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   3587\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0misinstance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mnp\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndarray\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexes\\base.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mget_loc\u001b[1;34m(self, key, method, tolerance)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2657\u001b[0m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2658\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mexcept\u001b[0m \u001b[0mKeyError\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2659\u001b[1;33m                 \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_engine\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_loc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_maybe_cast_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2660\u001b[0m         \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mget_indexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmethod\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0mtolerance\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2661\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mndim\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mor\u001b[0m \u001b[0mindexer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0msize\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m>\u001b[0m \u001b[1;36m1\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\index.pyx\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.index.IndexEngine.get_loc\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32mpandas\\_libs\\hashtable_class_helper.pxi\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36mpandas._libs.hashtable.PyObjectHashTable.get_item\u001b[1;34m()\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mKeyError\u001b[0m: 'Python'"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc['Python']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 28,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    103\n",
+       "En         56\n",
+       "Math       98\n",
+       "Name: A, dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 28,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc['A']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  En  Math\n",
+       "A     103  56    98\n",
+       "H      48  46   111"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 29,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc[['A','H']]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  En  Math\n",
+       "A     103  56    98\n",
+       "B     135  65   135\n",
+       "C      13  79   146\n",
+       "D      47  24   145\n",
+       "E      89  97    16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 30,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc['A':'E']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>J</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "A     103   56    98\n",
+       "C      13   79   146\n",
+       "E      89   97    16\n",
+       "H      48   46   111\n",
+       "J     122  126   100"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 31,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc[::2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>K</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "K      60  136    62\n",
+       "I      16   49    97\n",
+       "F      64   26   109\n",
+       "D      47   24   145\n",
+       "B     135   65   135"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 32,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.loc[::-2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 33,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "ename": "TypeError",
+     "evalue": "Cannot index by location index with a non-integer key",
+     "output_type": "error",
+     "traceback": [
+      "\u001b[1;31m---------------------------------------------------------------------------\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m                                 Traceback (most recent call last)",
+      "\u001b[1;32m<ipython-input-33-3cf21a555a1f>\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m<module>\u001b[1;34m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m----> 1\u001b[1;33m \u001b[0mdf\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0miloc\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m[\u001b[0m\u001b[1;34m'A'\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m]\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m__getitem__\u001b[1;34m(self, key)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1498\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1499\u001b[0m             \u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m \u001b[0mcom\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mapply_if_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0mobj\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 1500\u001b[1;33m             \u001b[1;32mreturn\u001b[0m \u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m.\u001b[0m\u001b[0m_getitem_axis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mmaybe_callable\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m=\u001b[0m\u001b[0maxis\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   1501\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   1502\u001b[0m     \u001b[1;32mdef\u001b[0m \u001b[0m_is_scalar_access\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mself\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m,\u001b[0m \u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;32md:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\indexing.py\u001b[0m in \u001b[0;36m_getitem_axis\u001b[1;34m(self, key, axis)\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2224\u001b[0m         \u001b[1;32melse\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[0;32m   2225\u001b[0m             \u001b[1;32mif\u001b[0m \u001b[1;32mnot\u001b[0m \u001b[0mis_integer\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m(\u001b[0m\u001b[0mkey\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m)\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m:\u001b[0m\u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n\u001b[1;32m-> 2226\u001b[1;33m                 raise TypeError(\"Cannot index by location index with a \"\n\u001b[0m\u001b[0;32m   2227\u001b[0m                                 \"non-integer key\")\n\u001b[0;32m   2228\u001b[0m \u001b[1;33m\u001b[0m\u001b[0m\n",
+      "\u001b[1;31mTypeError\u001b[0m: Cannot index by location index with a non-integer key"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc['A']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    103\n",
+       "En         56\n",
+       "Math       98\n",
+       "Name: A, dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 34,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[0]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 35,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  En  Math\n",
+       "A     103  56    98\n",
+       "F      64  26   109"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 35,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[[0,5]]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  En  Math\n",
+       "A     103  56    98\n",
+       "B     135  65   135\n",
+       "C      13  79   146\n",
+       "D      47  24   145\n",
+       "E      89  97    16"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 36,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[0:5]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 38,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>K</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "K      60  136    62\n",
+       "I      16   49    97\n",
+       "F      64   26   109\n",
+       "D      47   24   145\n",
+       "B     135   65   135"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 38,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[::-2]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 39,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>J</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>K</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python   En  Math\n",
+       "A     103   56    98\n",
+       "B     135   65   135\n",
+       "C      13   79   146\n",
+       "D      47   24   145\n",
+       "E      89   97    16\n",
+       "F      64   26   109\n",
+       "H      48   46   111\n",
+       "I      16   49    97\n",
+       "J     122  126   100\n",
+       "K      60  136    62"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 39,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 40,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>J</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    En  Math\n",
+       "A   56    98\n",
+       "C   79   146\n",
+       "E   97    16\n",
+       "H   46   111\n",
+       "J  126   100"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 40,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[::2,1:]"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/3-pandas数据清洗之空数据.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,6285 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>107</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>143</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>133</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>143</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python   En  Math  Physic  Chem\n",
+       "100     122   10     5      28    57\n",
+       "101      74  129    16     114    26\n",
+       "102      97  121   122      29    65\n",
+       "103     141   73   120     147     1\n",
+       "104     126  132    86     116    17\n",
+       "105      85    3    42     121    66\n",
+       "106     142   65     1     124    83\n",
+       "107     136  141   122      86   113\n",
+       "108      15   37   124     110   102\n",
+       "109      63   30    44      69    58\n",
+       "110      59   38   113     109    16\n",
+       "111       5   51    87      58   126\n",
+       "112      53   97    76      37    45\n",
+       "113      42  148   107      97   143\n",
+       "114      70  138    69      68   134\n",
+       "115      47  136   113      22    94\n",
+       "116      31  137     6      20    28\n",
+       "117     148   74   134       4   124\n",
+       "118     102   81   138     128    32\n",
+       "119      27  111    13      70    22\n",
+       "120      28   93   121      68     4\n",
+       "121     136   43    25      97    19\n",
+       "122     111   70    12      38    58\n",
+       "123      96  103   147      86     8\n",
+       "124      10   10    46      63   149\n",
+       "125       7   75    97     108    31\n",
+       "126      88    6   145     116    55\n",
+       "127      33   74   106      50    46\n",
+       "128      74   28    26     100    76\n",
+       "129      76   18   101     126   133\n",
+       "..      ...  ...   ...     ...   ...\n",
+       "170     144  124    77      92    82\n",
+       "171      36   98    48      43    80\n",
+       "172      51  143    68      34    74\n",
+       "173     149  117    18     141   120\n",
+       "174       8  139   146     112   122\n",
+       "175     115  101    64      62     9\n",
+       "176      10    7   140      45   148\n",
+       "177      65   43    68     109    18\n",
+       "178      31  100   110      49   123\n",
+       "179      29   46    69      57    90\n",
+       "180     146   86    18      22    46\n",
+       "181      71   50    40      90   140\n",
+       "182       4  100   147     116   110\n",
+       "183      55   87    93      78    34\n",
+       "184       5  109   124      87    82\n",
+       "185      10  118   139      50    51\n",
+       "186      32   12    71      36   124\n",
+       "187      94   16   138      13   149\n",
+       "188      65  101   123     128    86\n",
+       "189      43   94    10      29   132\n",
+       "190      68  135    94      28   125\n",
+       "191      30   60    98      27    15\n",
+       "192      89   16    10     135     4\n",
+       "193     104  139    97      29    17\n",
+       "194       5   29    41      99    91\n",
+       "195      19  102   135      41    40\n",
+       "196      58  100    70      82    64\n",
+       "197      84   97   129      76    13\n",
+       "198     131   15     7      44   114\n",
+       "199      79   37    95     128   116\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (100,5)),index = np.arange(100,200),columns=['Python','En','Math','Physic','Chem'])\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    False\n",
+       "En        False\n",
+       "Math      False\n",
+       "Physic    False\n",
+       "Chem      False\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 判断DataFrame是否存在空数据\n",
+    "df.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    True\n",
+       "En        True\n",
+       "Math      True\n",
+       "Physic    True\n",
+       "Chem      True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.notnull().all()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "500"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "100*5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "for i in range(50):\n",
+    "    # 行索引\n",
+    "    index = np.random.randint(100,200,size =1)[0]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    cols = df.columns\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 列索引\n",
+    "    col = np.random.choice(cols)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    df.loc[index,col] = None"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "for i in range(20):\n",
+    "    # 行索引\n",
+    "    index = np.random.randint(100,200,size =1)[0]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    cols = df.columns\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 列索引\n",
+    "    col = np.random.choice(cols)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#     not a number 不是一个数\n",
+    "    df.loc[index,col] = np.NAN"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100   122.0   10.0    5.0    28.0   57.0\n",
+       "101     NaN  129.0   16.0   114.0   26.0\n",
+       "102    97.0  121.0  122.0    29.0   65.0\n",
+       "103   141.0   73.0  120.0   147.0    1.0\n",
+       "104   126.0    NaN   86.0   116.0   17.0\n",
+       "105    85.0    NaN   42.0   121.0   66.0\n",
+       "106   142.0   65.0    1.0   124.0   83.0\n",
+       "107   136.0  141.0    NaN    86.0  113.0\n",
+       "108    15.0   37.0  124.0   110.0  102.0\n",
+       "109    63.0   30.0    NaN    69.0   58.0\n",
+       "110     NaN    NaN  113.0   109.0   16.0\n",
+       "111     5.0   51.0   87.0    58.0  126.0\n",
+       "112    53.0   97.0   76.0    37.0   45.0\n",
+       "113    42.0  148.0    NaN    97.0    NaN\n",
+       "114    70.0  138.0   69.0    68.0  134.0\n",
+       "115     NaN  136.0  113.0    22.0   94.0\n",
+       "116    31.0  137.0    6.0    20.0   28.0\n",
+       "117   148.0   74.0  134.0     4.0  124.0\n",
+       "118   102.0   81.0  138.0   128.0   32.0\n",
+       "119    27.0  111.0   13.0     NaN   22.0\n",
+       "120    28.0   93.0  121.0     NaN    4.0\n",
+       "121   136.0    NaN   25.0    97.0   19.0\n",
+       "122   111.0   70.0   12.0    38.0   58.0\n",
+       "123     NaN  103.0  147.0    86.0    8.0\n",
+       "124    10.0   10.0   46.0    63.0  149.0\n",
+       "125     7.0   75.0   97.0   108.0   31.0\n",
+       "126    88.0    6.0    NaN     NaN   55.0\n",
+       "127    33.0   74.0  106.0    50.0   46.0\n",
+       "128    74.0   28.0   26.0   100.0   76.0\n",
+       "129    76.0   18.0  101.0     NaN    NaN\n",
+       "..      ...    ...    ...     ...    ...\n",
+       "170   144.0  124.0   77.0    92.0   82.0\n",
+       "171    36.0   98.0    NaN    43.0   80.0\n",
+       "172    51.0    NaN   68.0    34.0   74.0\n",
+       "173   149.0    NaN   18.0   141.0    NaN\n",
+       "174     8.0  139.0  146.0   112.0    NaN\n",
+       "175   115.0    NaN   64.0    62.0    9.0\n",
+       "176     NaN    7.0  140.0    45.0  148.0\n",
+       "177     NaN   43.0   68.0   109.0   18.0\n",
+       "178    31.0  100.0    NaN    49.0  123.0\n",
+       "179    29.0   46.0   69.0    57.0   90.0\n",
+       "180   146.0   86.0   18.0    22.0   46.0\n",
+       "181    71.0   50.0   40.0     NaN  140.0\n",
+       "182     4.0  100.0  147.0   116.0  110.0\n",
+       "183    55.0   87.0   93.0     NaN   34.0\n",
+       "184     NaN  109.0  124.0    87.0   82.0\n",
+       "185    10.0  118.0  139.0    50.0   51.0\n",
+       "186    32.0   12.0   71.0    36.0    NaN\n",
+       "187    94.0    NaN  138.0    13.0  149.0\n",
+       "188    65.0  101.0  123.0   128.0   86.0\n",
+       "189    43.0   94.0    NaN    29.0  132.0\n",
+       "190    68.0  135.0   94.0    28.0  125.0\n",
+       "191    30.0   60.0   98.0     NaN   15.0\n",
+       "192    89.0   16.0   10.0   135.0    4.0\n",
+       "193   104.0  139.0   97.0    29.0   17.0\n",
+       "194     5.0   29.0   41.0    99.0    NaN\n",
+       "195    19.0  102.0  135.0    41.0   40.0\n",
+       "196    58.0    NaN   70.0    82.0   64.0\n",
+       "197     NaN   97.0  129.0    76.0   13.0\n",
+       "198   131.0   15.0    NaN    44.0  114.0\n",
+       "199    79.0    NaN   95.0   128.0    NaN\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    True\n",
+       "En        True\n",
+       "Math      True\n",
+       "Physic    True\n",
+       "Chem      True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    14\n",
+       "En        14\n",
+       "Math      15\n",
+       "Physic    11\n",
+       "Chem      13\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 22,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.isnull().sum()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 23,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = df.copy()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    14\n",
+       "En        14\n",
+       "Math      15\n",
+       "Physic    11\n",
+       "Chem      13\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 24,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2.isnull().sum()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 26,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100   122.0   10.0    5.0    28.0   57.0\n",
+       "101   100.0  129.0   16.0   114.0   26.0\n",
+       "102    97.0  121.0  122.0    29.0   65.0\n",
+       "103   141.0   73.0  120.0   147.0    1.0\n",
+       "104   126.0  100.0   86.0   116.0   17.0\n",
+       "105    85.0  100.0   42.0   121.0   66.0\n",
+       "106   142.0   65.0    1.0   124.0   83.0\n",
+       "107   136.0  141.0  100.0    86.0  113.0\n",
+       "108    15.0   37.0  124.0   110.0  102.0\n",
+       "109    63.0   30.0  100.0    69.0   58.0\n",
+       "110   100.0  100.0  113.0   109.0   16.0\n",
+       "111     5.0   51.0   87.0    58.0  126.0\n",
+       "112    53.0   97.0   76.0    37.0   45.0\n",
+       "113    42.0  148.0  100.0    97.0  100.0\n",
+       "114    70.0  138.0   69.0    68.0  134.0\n",
+       "115   100.0  136.0  113.0    22.0   94.0\n",
+       "116    31.0  137.0    6.0    20.0   28.0\n",
+       "117   148.0   74.0  134.0     4.0  124.0\n",
+       "118   102.0   81.0  138.0   128.0   32.0\n",
+       "119    27.0  111.0   13.0   100.0   22.0\n",
+       "120    28.0   93.0  121.0   100.0    4.0\n",
+       "121   136.0  100.0   25.0    97.0   19.0\n",
+       "122   111.0   70.0   12.0    38.0   58.0\n",
+       "123   100.0  103.0  147.0    86.0    8.0\n",
+       "124    10.0   10.0   46.0    63.0  149.0\n",
+       "125     7.0   75.0   97.0   108.0   31.0\n",
+       "126    88.0    6.0  100.0   100.0   55.0\n",
+       "127    33.0   74.0  106.0    50.0   46.0\n",
+       "128    74.0   28.0   26.0   100.0   76.0\n",
+       "129    76.0   18.0  101.0   100.0  100.0\n",
+       "..      ...    ...    ...     ...    ...\n",
+       "170   144.0  124.0   77.0    92.0   82.0\n",
+       "171    36.0   98.0  100.0    43.0   80.0\n",
+       "172    51.0  100.0   68.0    34.0   74.0\n",
+       "173   149.0  100.0   18.0   141.0  100.0\n",
+       "174     8.0  139.0  146.0   112.0  100.0\n",
+       "175   115.0  100.0   64.0    62.0    9.0\n",
+       "176   100.0    7.0  140.0    45.0  148.0\n",
+       "177   100.0   43.0   68.0   109.0   18.0\n",
+       "178    31.0  100.0  100.0    49.0  123.0\n",
+       "179    29.0   46.0   69.0    57.0   90.0\n",
+       "180   146.0   86.0   18.0    22.0   46.0\n",
+       "181    71.0   50.0   40.0   100.0  140.0\n",
+       "182     4.0  100.0  147.0   116.0  110.0\n",
+       "183    55.0   87.0   93.0   100.0   34.0\n",
+       "184   100.0  109.0  124.0    87.0   82.0\n",
+       "185    10.0  118.0  139.0    50.0   51.0\n",
+       "186    32.0   12.0   71.0    36.0  100.0\n",
+       "187    94.0  100.0  138.0    13.0  149.0\n",
+       "188    65.0  101.0  123.0   128.0   86.0\n",
+       "189    43.0   94.0  100.0    29.0  132.0\n",
+       "190    68.0  135.0   94.0    28.0  125.0\n",
+       "191    30.0   60.0   98.0   100.0   15.0\n",
+       "192    89.0   16.0   10.0   135.0    4.0\n",
+       "193   104.0  139.0   97.0    29.0   17.0\n",
+       "194     5.0   29.0   41.0    99.0  100.0\n",
+       "195    19.0  102.0  135.0    41.0   40.0\n",
+       "196    58.0  100.0   70.0    82.0   64.0\n",
+       "197   100.0   97.0  129.0    76.0   13.0\n",
+       "198   131.0   15.0  100.0    44.0  114.0\n",
+       "199    79.0  100.0   95.0   128.0  100.0\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 26,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 固定值填充\n",
+    "df2.fillna(value=100)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    71.662791\n",
+       "En        75.627907\n",
+       "Math      77.929412\n",
+       "Physic    73.471910\n",
+       "Chem      69.080460\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 27,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2.mean()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python   En  Math  Physic  Chem\n",
+       "100     122   10     5      28    57\n",
+       "101      71  129    16     114    26\n",
+       "102      97  121   122      29    65\n",
+       "103     141   73   120     147     1\n",
+       "104     126   75    86     116    17\n",
+       "105      85   75    42     121    66\n",
+       "106     142   65     1     124    83\n",
+       "107     136  141    77      86   113\n",
+       "108      15   37   124     110   102\n",
+       "109      63   30    77      69    58\n",
+       "110      71   75   113     109    16\n",
+       "111       5   51    87      58   126\n",
+       "112      53   97    76      37    45\n",
+       "113      42  148    77      97    69\n",
+       "114      70  138    69      68   134\n",
+       "115      71  136   113      22    94\n",
+       "116      31  137     6      20    28\n",
+       "117     148   74   134       4   124\n",
+       "118     102   81   138     128    32\n",
+       "119      27  111    13      73    22\n",
+       "120      28   93   121      73     4\n",
+       "121     136   75    25      97    19\n",
+       "122     111   70    12      38    58\n",
+       "123      71  103   147      86     8\n",
+       "124      10   10    46      63   149\n",
+       "125       7   75    97     108    31\n",
+       "126      88    6    77      73    55\n",
+       "127      33   74   106      50    46\n",
+       "128      74   28    26     100    76\n",
+       "129      76   18   101      73    69\n",
+       "..      ...  ...   ...     ...   ...\n",
+       "170     144  124    77      92    82\n",
+       "171      36   98    77      43    80\n",
+       "172      51   75    68      34    74\n",
+       "173     149   75    18     141    69\n",
+       "174       8  139   146     112    69\n",
+       "175     115   75    64      62     9\n",
+       "176      71    7   140      45   148\n",
+       "177      71   43    68     109    18\n",
+       "178      31  100    77      49   123\n",
+       "179      29   46    69      57    90\n",
+       "180     146   86    18      22    46\n",
+       "181      71   50    40      73   140\n",
+       "182       4  100   147     116   110\n",
+       "183      55   87    93      73    34\n",
+       "184      71  109   124      87    82\n",
+       "185      10  118   139      50    51\n",
+       "186      32   12    71      36    69\n",
+       "187      94   75   138      13   149\n",
+       "188      65  101   123     128    86\n",
+       "189      43   94    77      29   132\n",
+       "190      68  135    94      28   125\n",
+       "191      30   60    98      73    15\n",
+       "192      89   16    10     135     4\n",
+       "193     104  139    97      29    17\n",
+       "194       5   29    41      99    69\n",
+       "195      19  102   135      41    40\n",
+       "196      58   75    70      82    64\n",
+       "197      71   97   129      76    13\n",
+       "198     131   15    77      44   114\n",
+       "199      79   75    95     128    69\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 29,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 均值\n",
+    "df3 = df2.fillna(value=df2.mean())\n",
+    "df3.astype(np.int16)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([ 6, 18,  1, 17, 19,  5, 17, 16, 13,  3])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 31,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "nd = np.random.randint(0,20,size = 10)\n",
+    "nd"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 33,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([ 1,  3,  5,  6, 13, 16, 17, 17, 18, 19])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 33,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "nd.sort()\n",
+    "nd"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "14.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 34,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "(13 + 16)/2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 35,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "14.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 35,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "np.median(nd)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100   122.0   10.0    5.0    28.0   57.0\n",
+       "101    68.0  129.0   16.0   114.0   26.0\n",
+       "102    97.0  121.0  122.0    29.0   65.0\n",
+       "103   141.0   73.0  120.0   147.0    1.0\n",
+       "104   126.0   82.5   86.0   116.0   17.0\n",
+       "105    85.0   82.5   42.0   121.0   66.0\n",
+       "106   142.0   65.0    1.0   124.0   83.0\n",
+       "107   136.0  141.0   86.0    86.0  113.0\n",
+       "108    15.0   37.0  124.0   110.0  102.0\n",
+       "109    63.0   30.0   86.0    69.0   58.0\n",
+       "110    68.0   82.5  113.0   109.0   16.0\n",
+       "111     5.0   51.0   87.0    58.0  126.0\n",
+       "112    53.0   97.0   76.0    37.0   45.0\n",
+       "113    42.0  148.0   86.0    97.0   65.0\n",
+       "114    70.0  138.0   69.0    68.0  134.0\n",
+       "115    68.0  136.0  113.0    22.0   94.0\n",
+       "116    31.0  137.0    6.0    20.0   28.0\n",
+       "117   148.0   74.0  134.0     4.0  124.0\n",
+       "118   102.0   81.0  138.0   128.0   32.0\n",
+       "119    27.0  111.0   13.0    69.0   22.0\n",
+       "120    28.0   93.0  121.0    69.0    4.0\n",
+       "121   136.0   82.5   25.0    97.0   19.0\n",
+       "122   111.0   70.0   12.0    38.0   58.0\n",
+       "123    68.0  103.0  147.0    86.0    8.0\n",
+       "124    10.0   10.0   46.0    63.0  149.0\n",
+       "125     7.0   75.0   97.0   108.0   31.0\n",
+       "126    88.0    6.0   86.0    69.0   55.0\n",
+       "127    33.0   74.0  106.0    50.0   46.0\n",
+       "128    74.0   28.0   26.0   100.0   76.0\n",
+       "129    76.0   18.0  101.0    69.0   65.0\n",
+       "..      ...    ...    ...     ...    ...\n",
+       "170   144.0  124.0   77.0    92.0   82.0\n",
+       "171    36.0   98.0   86.0    43.0   80.0\n",
+       "172    51.0   82.5   68.0    34.0   74.0\n",
+       "173   149.0   82.5   18.0   141.0   65.0\n",
+       "174     8.0  139.0  146.0   112.0   65.0\n",
+       "175   115.0   82.5   64.0    62.0    9.0\n",
+       "176    68.0    7.0  140.0    45.0  148.0\n",
+       "177    68.0   43.0   68.0   109.0   18.0\n",
+       "178    31.0  100.0   86.0    49.0  123.0\n",
+       "179    29.0   46.0   69.0    57.0   90.0\n",
+       "180   146.0   86.0   18.0    22.0   46.0\n",
+       "181    71.0   50.0   40.0    69.0  140.0\n",
+       "182     4.0  100.0  147.0   116.0  110.0\n",
+       "183    55.0   87.0   93.0    69.0   34.0\n",
+       "184    68.0  109.0  124.0    87.0   82.0\n",
+       "185    10.0  118.0  139.0    50.0   51.0\n",
+       "186    32.0   12.0   71.0    36.0   65.0\n",
+       "187    94.0   82.5  138.0    13.0  149.0\n",
+       "188    65.0  101.0  123.0   128.0   86.0\n",
+       "189    43.0   94.0   86.0    29.0  132.0\n",
+       "190    68.0  135.0   94.0    28.0  125.0\n",
+       "191    30.0   60.0   98.0    69.0   15.0\n",
+       "192    89.0   16.0   10.0   135.0    4.0\n",
+       "193   104.0  139.0   97.0    29.0   17.0\n",
+       "194     5.0   29.0   41.0    99.0   65.0\n",
+       "195    19.0  102.0  135.0    41.0   40.0\n",
+       "196    58.0   82.5   70.0    82.0   64.0\n",
+       "197    68.0   97.0  129.0    76.0   13.0\n",
+       "198   131.0   15.0   86.0    44.0  114.0\n",
+       "199    79.0   82.5   95.0   128.0   65.0\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 36,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 中位数填充\n",
+    "df2.median()\n",
+    "df4 = df2.fillna(df2.median())\n",
+    "df4"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 37,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>142.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>170</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>171</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>172</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>173</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>174</th>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>175</th>\n",
+       "      <td>115.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>176</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>177</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>178</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>179</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>180</th>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>181</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>182</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>183</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>184</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>185</th>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>186</th>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>187</th>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>188</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>189</th>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>190</th>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>30.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>192</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>194</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>195</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>196</th>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>197</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>198</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>199</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>100 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100   122.0   10.0    5.0    28.0   57.0\n",
+       "101     NaN  129.0   16.0   114.0   26.0\n",
+       "102    97.0  121.0  122.0    29.0   65.0\n",
+       "103   141.0   73.0  120.0   147.0    1.0\n",
+       "104   126.0    NaN   86.0   116.0   17.0\n",
+       "105    85.0    NaN   42.0   121.0   66.0\n",
+       "106   142.0   65.0    1.0   124.0   83.0\n",
+       "107   136.0  141.0    NaN    86.0  113.0\n",
+       "108    15.0   37.0  124.0   110.0  102.0\n",
+       "109    63.0   30.0    NaN    69.0   58.0\n",
+       "110     NaN    NaN  113.0   109.0   16.0\n",
+       "111     5.0   51.0   87.0    58.0  126.0\n",
+       "112    53.0   97.0   76.0    37.0   45.0\n",
+       "113    42.0  148.0    NaN    97.0    NaN\n",
+       "114    70.0  138.0   69.0    68.0  134.0\n",
+       "115     NaN  136.0  113.0    22.0   94.0\n",
+       "116    31.0  137.0    6.0    20.0   28.0\n",
+       "117   148.0   74.0  134.0     4.0  124.0\n",
+       "118   102.0   81.0  138.0   128.0   32.0\n",
+       "119    27.0  111.0   13.0     NaN   22.0\n",
+       "120    28.0   93.0  121.0     NaN    4.0\n",
+       "121   136.0    NaN   25.0    97.0   19.0\n",
+       "122   111.0   70.0   12.0    38.0   58.0\n",
+       "123     NaN  103.0  147.0    86.0    8.0\n",
+       "124    10.0   10.0   46.0    63.0  149.0\n",
+       "125     7.0   75.0   97.0   108.0   31.0\n",
+       "126    88.0    6.0    NaN     NaN   55.0\n",
+       "127    33.0   74.0  106.0    50.0   46.0\n",
+       "128    74.0   28.0   26.0   100.0   76.0\n",
+       "129    76.0   18.0  101.0     NaN    NaN\n",
+       "..      ...    ...    ...     ...    ...\n",
+       "170   144.0  124.0   77.0    92.0   82.0\n",
+       "171    36.0   98.0    NaN    43.0   80.0\n",
+       "172    51.0    NaN   68.0    34.0   74.0\n",
+       "173   149.0    NaN   18.0   141.0    NaN\n",
+       "174     8.0  139.0  146.0   112.0    NaN\n",
+       "175   115.0    NaN   64.0    62.0    9.0\n",
+       "176     NaN    7.0  140.0    45.0  148.0\n",
+       "177     NaN   43.0   68.0   109.0   18.0\n",
+       "178    31.0  100.0    NaN    49.0  123.0\n",
+       "179    29.0   46.0   69.0    57.0   90.0\n",
+       "180   146.0   86.0   18.0    22.0   46.0\n",
+       "181    71.0   50.0   40.0     NaN  140.0\n",
+       "182     4.0  100.0  147.0   116.0  110.0\n",
+       "183    55.0   87.0   93.0     NaN   34.0\n",
+       "184     NaN  109.0  124.0    87.0   82.0\n",
+       "185    10.0  118.0  139.0    50.0   51.0\n",
+       "186    32.0   12.0   71.0    36.0    NaN\n",
+       "187    94.0    NaN  138.0    13.0  149.0\n",
+       "188    65.0  101.0  123.0   128.0   86.0\n",
+       "189    43.0   94.0    NaN    29.0  132.0\n",
+       "190    68.0  135.0   94.0    28.0  125.0\n",
+       "191    30.0   60.0   98.0     NaN   15.0\n",
+       "192    89.0   16.0   10.0   135.0    4.0\n",
+       "193   104.0  139.0   97.0    29.0   17.0\n",
+       "194     5.0   29.0   41.0    99.0    NaN\n",
+       "195    19.0  102.0  135.0    41.0   40.0\n",
+       "196    58.0    NaN   70.0    82.0   64.0\n",
+       "197     NaN   97.0  129.0    76.0   13.0\n",
+       "198   131.0   15.0    NaN    44.0  114.0\n",
+       "199    79.0    NaN   95.0   128.0    NaN\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[100 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 37,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 众数填充，数量最多的那个数\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 42,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>38</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106</td>\n",
+       "      <td>14</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>67</td>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>72</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>107</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2070</th>\n",
+       "      <td>127</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2071</th>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2072</th>\n",
+       "      <td>116</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2073</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2074</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2075</th>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2076</th>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2077</th>\n",
+       "      <td>107</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2078</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2079</th>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2080</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2081</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145</td>\n",
+       "      <td>127</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2082</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2083</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2084</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2085</th>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2086</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "      <td>133</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2087</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2088</th>\n",
+       "      <td>20</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2089</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2090</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2091</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2092</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2093</th>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2094</th>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2095</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2096</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2097</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2098</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2099</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "      <td>143</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>2000 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      Python   En  Math  Physic  Chem\n",
+       "100       82   89    99     101   125\n",
+       "101        4   31   109      32     5\n",
+       "102       56  103    56      61    90\n",
+       "103       47  100   147     138    99\n",
+       "104       38   46    82      75    44\n",
+       "105       18   11   122       3   126\n",
+       "106       56   26   106      14   139\n",
+       "107        3  137    75      67   144\n",
+       "108       35   47   102      60    63\n",
+       "109       86  126    57      88   149\n",
+       "110       19  140    30      35    33\n",
+       "111       76    1     5      11    33\n",
+       "112       31   54    91     119    69\n",
+       "113       64   37    50      23    21\n",
+       "114       72   57   138      15    21\n",
+       "115       55  120   104      32    25\n",
+       "116       96   24    89      22   146\n",
+       "117       63    0     8      64    89\n",
+       "118       28   46   125      82    74\n",
+       "119       85   39    70     132   111\n",
+       "120      109   90    44      74    39\n",
+       "121        2  148   103     114    65\n",
+       "122      110   29    99      80    57\n",
+       "123      109   88    81     135    71\n",
+       "124       70  103   134     121   121\n",
+       "125       51   92   117      27    43\n",
+       "126        6   92    97      59   105\n",
+       "127       65   90    52     148    22\n",
+       "128        4  129    17     119    13\n",
+       "129       24  100   107      28   139\n",
+       "...      ...  ...   ...     ...   ...\n",
+       "2070     127   77    24      16    31\n",
+       "2071      93   61     9      28    22\n",
+       "2072     116   61    54       8    61\n",
+       "2073       4   72   140     112    34\n",
+       "2074      26  108   123      32    33\n",
+       "2075      46  130   135     124   113\n",
+       "2076      33   18   136      38    20\n",
+       "2077     107   11   129      54   119\n",
+       "2078      84   55   129      37    87\n",
+       "2079      95   50    45      19    84\n",
+       "2080     124   74    65     140    53\n",
+       "2081      26   35   149     145   127\n",
+       "2082      19   21   101       3    89\n",
+       "2083      84   10   131      71     4\n",
+       "2084      28   74   105      68    89\n",
+       "2085      23   93    84      97    88\n",
+       "2086      86  133    26     125    13\n",
+       "2087      21  124    40     115     5\n",
+       "2088      20   15    35      31    37\n",
+       "2089      96  123   123       5    64\n",
+       "2090      22   43    92      78    60\n",
+       "2091      16   31    17      60    58\n",
+       "2092      65   18    13      13    34\n",
+       "2093      69   49   109      40    58\n",
+       "2094     128   46    10      82   111\n",
+       "2095      26   59     8      54   149\n",
+       "2096     111   47    90      92    66\n",
+       "2097       5   97    73     140   104\n",
+       "2098     102    6     7       5   119\n",
+       "2099      97   19    77     143    48\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[2000 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 42,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (2000,5)),index = np.arange(100,2100),columns=['Python','En','Math','Physic','Chem'])\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 43,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "for i in range(1000):\n",
+    "    # 行索引\n",
+    "    index = np.random.randint(100,2100,size =1)[0]\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    cols = df.columns\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    # 列索引\n",
+    "    col = np.random.choice(cols)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "    df.loc[index,col] = None"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 44,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    190\n",
+       "En        200\n",
+       "Math      194\n",
+       "Physic    189\n",
+       "Chem      181\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 44,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.isnull().sum()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 45,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100    82.0   89.0   99.0   101.0  125.0\n",
+       "101     4.0   31.0  109.0    32.0    5.0\n",
+       "102    56.0  103.0   56.0     NaN   90.0\n",
+       "103    47.0  100.0  147.0   138.0   99.0\n",
+       "104    38.0   46.0    NaN    75.0   44.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 45,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 46,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2095</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2096</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2097</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2098</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2099</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      Python    En  Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "2095    26.0  59.0   8.0    54.0  149.0\n",
+       "2096     NaN  47.0  90.0    92.0   66.0\n",
+       "2097     5.0  97.0  73.0   140.0  104.0\n",
+       "2098   102.0   6.0   7.0     5.0  119.0\n",
+       "2099    97.0  19.0  77.0     NaN   48.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 46,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.tail()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 48,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([ 82.,   4.,  56.,  47.,  38.,  18.,   3.,  35.,  86.,  19.,  76.,\n",
+       "        31.,  64.,  72.,  55.,  96.,  63.,  28.,  85., 109.,   2., 110.,\n",
+       "        70.,  51.,   6.,  65.,  24.,  48.,  44.,  11., 114., 129.,  87.,\n",
+       "       108., 125.,  nan, 140., 132.,  91.,  34.,  54.,  30.,  12.,  98.,\n",
+       "       142.,  79.,  13.,  77.,  40., 139.,  39.,  81., 112.,  36.,  22.,\n",
+       "         5., 120.,  17., 127., 119.,  59., 146.,  89., 103.,   8.,  97.,\n",
+       "       130.,  73.,  83., 122.,  95., 100.,  41.,  21., 136.,  80., 101.,\n",
+       "        50.,  27.,  71.,  16., 141., 126., 102., 145.,  15.,  52.,  94.,\n",
+       "        10.,  33., 137.,   9., 128.,  88.,  26.,  84.,  93.,   1.,   7.,\n",
+       "       131., 107., 148.,   0., 105.,  66.,  32., 115., 118.,  58.,  53.,\n",
+       "        29.,  42.,  57.,  62.,  25.,  60.,  69., 133.,  68.,  20., 106.,\n",
+       "       147.,  78.,  90., 124., 149.,  92.,  75., 117., 143.,  99.,  37.,\n",
+       "       123.,  45.,  61., 121., 135., 138., 116.,  14., 104.,  74.,  46.,\n",
+       "       111.,  23.,  43.,  49., 144., 113.,  67., 134.])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 48,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 去重之后的数据\n",
+    "df['Python'].unique()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 49,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "143.0    20\n",
+       "136.0    20\n",
+       "102.0    19\n",
+       "105.0    19\n",
+       "26.0     19\n",
+       "69.0     19\n",
+       "31.0     18\n",
+       "148.0    18\n",
+       "75.0     18\n",
+       "139.0    18\n",
+       "1.0      18\n",
+       "35.0     17\n",
+       "140.0    17\n",
+       "110.0    17\n",
+       "125.0    17\n",
+       "146.0    17\n",
+       "141.0    17\n",
+       "64.0     16\n",
+       "30.0     16\n",
+       "79.0     16\n",
+       "73.0     16\n",
+       "40.0     16\n",
+       "10.0     15\n",
+       "6.0      15\n",
+       "65.0     15\n",
+       "81.0     15\n",
+       "28.0     15\n",
+       "48.0     15\n",
+       "92.0     15\n",
+       "103.0    15\n",
+       "         ..\n",
+       "104.0     9\n",
+       "12.0      9\n",
+       "116.0     9\n",
+       "13.0      9\n",
+       "59.0      9\n",
+       "93.0      9\n",
+       "124.0     9\n",
+       "85.0      8\n",
+       "135.0     8\n",
+       "131.0     8\n",
+       "68.0      8\n",
+       "66.0      8\n",
+       "62.0      8\n",
+       "120.0     8\n",
+       "17.0      8\n",
+       "25.0      8\n",
+       "145.0     7\n",
+       "58.0      7\n",
+       "134.0     7\n",
+       "113.0     7\n",
+       "123.0     7\n",
+       "39.0      7\n",
+       "34.0      7\n",
+       "43.0      7\n",
+       "74.0      6\n",
+       "144.0     6\n",
+       "132.0     6\n",
+       "142.0     5\n",
+       "67.0      5\n",
+       "49.0      5\n",
+       "Name: Python, Length: 150, dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 49,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df['Python'].value_counts()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 53,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "8.0      21\n",
+       "96.0     19\n",
+       "118.0    19\n",
+       "24.0     19\n",
+       "43.0     19\n",
+       "27.0     19\n",
+       "19.0     19\n",
+       "41.0     18\n",
+       "0.0      18\n",
+       "3.0      18\n",
+       "52.0     18\n",
+       "4.0      17\n",
+       "137.0    17\n",
+       "1.0      17\n",
+       "101.0    17\n",
+       "51.0     17\n",
+       "39.0     17\n",
+       "100.0    17\n",
+       "127.0    17\n",
+       "115.0    16\n",
+       "33.0     16\n",
+       "112.0    16\n",
+       "92.0     16\n",
+       "126.0    16\n",
+       "133.0    15\n",
+       "32.0     15\n",
+       "89.0     15\n",
+       "95.0     15\n",
+       "36.0     15\n",
+       "93.0     15\n",
+       "         ..\n",
+       "12.0      9\n",
+       "28.0      9\n",
+       "106.0     9\n",
+       "45.0      9\n",
+       "80.0      9\n",
+       "84.0      9\n",
+       "58.0      9\n",
+       "79.0      9\n",
+       "71.0      9\n",
+       "83.0      9\n",
+       "142.0     9\n",
+       "7.0       9\n",
+       "6.0       8\n",
+       "61.0      8\n",
+       "149.0     8\n",
+       "34.0      8\n",
+       "20.0      8\n",
+       "38.0      8\n",
+       "130.0     8\n",
+       "104.0     7\n",
+       "120.0     7\n",
+       "56.0      7\n",
+       "146.0     7\n",
+       "98.0      7\n",
+       "134.0     6\n",
+       "123.0     6\n",
+       "35.0      6\n",
+       "87.0      5\n",
+       "42.0      5\n",
+       "119.0     4\n",
+       "Name: En, Length: 150, dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 53,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "en = df['En'].value_counts()\n",
+    "en"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 54,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "8.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 54,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "en.index[0]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 52,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stdout",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "Python    75.0\n",
+      "En        74.0\n",
+      "Math      77.5\n",
+      "Physic    73.0\n",
+      "Chem      72.0\n",
+      "dtype: float64 <class 'pandas.core.series.Series'>\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s = df.median()\n",
+    "print(s,type(s))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 55,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "zhongshu = []\n",
+    "for col in df.columns:\n",
+    "    zhongshu.append(df[col].value_counts().index[0])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 57,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    143.0\n",
+       "En          8.0\n",
+       "Math       80.0\n",
+       "Physic     31.0\n",
+       "Chem      125.0\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 57,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s = Series(zhongshu,index = df.columns)\n",
+    "s"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 60,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>67.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>72.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>120</th>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>121</th>\n",
+       "      <td>2.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>122</th>\n",
+       "      <td>110.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>123</th>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>124</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>125</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>126</th>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>127</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>148.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>128</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>129</th>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>107.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2070</th>\n",
+       "      <td>127.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2071</th>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2072</th>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2073</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2074</th>\n",
+       "      <td>143.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2075</th>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2076</th>\n",
+       "      <td>143.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>136.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2077</th>\n",
+       "      <td>143.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2078</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>129.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2079</th>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2080</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2081</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>145.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>127.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2082</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2083</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>131.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2084</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2085</th>\n",
+       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2086</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>133.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2087</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2088</th>\n",
+       "      <td>20.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2089</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2090</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>43.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2091</th>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2092</th>\n",
+       "      <td>65.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2093</th>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2094</th>\n",
+       "      <td>128.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2095</th>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2096</th>\n",
+       "      <td>143.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>92.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2097</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2098</th>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2099</th>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>2000 rows × 5 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100     82.0   89.0   99.0   101.0  125.0\n",
+       "101      4.0   31.0  109.0    32.0    5.0\n",
+       "102     56.0  103.0   56.0    31.0   90.0\n",
+       "103     47.0  100.0  147.0   138.0   99.0\n",
+       "104     38.0   46.0   80.0    75.0   44.0\n",
+       "105     18.0   11.0  122.0     3.0  126.0\n",
+       "106     56.0   26.0  106.0    14.0  139.0\n",
+       "107      3.0  137.0   75.0    67.0  144.0\n",
+       "108     35.0   47.0  102.0    60.0   63.0\n",
+       "109     86.0  126.0   80.0    88.0  149.0\n",
+       "110     19.0  140.0   80.0    35.0   33.0\n",
+       "111     76.0    8.0    5.0    11.0   33.0\n",
+       "112     31.0   54.0   91.0   119.0   69.0\n",
+       "113     64.0   37.0   50.0    23.0   21.0\n",
+       "114     72.0   57.0  138.0    15.0   21.0\n",
+       "115     55.0  120.0  104.0    32.0   25.0\n",
+       "116     96.0   24.0   89.0    31.0  146.0\n",
+       "117     63.0    8.0    8.0    64.0   89.0\n",
+       "118     28.0    8.0  125.0    82.0   74.0\n",
+       "119     85.0   39.0   70.0   132.0  111.0\n",
+       "120    109.0   90.0   80.0    74.0   39.0\n",
+       "121      2.0    8.0  103.0   114.0   65.0\n",
+       "122    110.0   29.0   99.0    80.0   57.0\n",
+       "123    109.0   88.0   81.0   135.0   71.0\n",
+       "124     70.0  103.0  134.0   121.0  121.0\n",
+       "125     51.0   92.0  117.0    31.0   43.0\n",
+       "126      6.0   92.0   97.0    59.0  105.0\n",
+       "127     65.0   90.0   52.0   148.0   22.0\n",
+       "128      4.0  129.0   17.0   119.0   13.0\n",
+       "129     24.0  100.0  107.0    28.0  139.0\n",
+       "...      ...    ...    ...     ...    ...\n",
+       "2070   127.0   77.0   24.0    16.0  125.0\n",
+       "2071    93.0   61.0    9.0    28.0   22.0\n",
+       "2072   116.0   61.0   54.0     8.0   61.0\n",
+       "2073     4.0   72.0  140.0    31.0   34.0\n",
+       "2074   143.0  108.0  123.0    32.0   33.0\n",
+       "2075    46.0    8.0  135.0   124.0  113.0\n",
+       "2076   143.0   18.0  136.0    38.0  125.0\n",
+       "2077   143.0   11.0  129.0    54.0  119.0\n",
+       "2078    84.0   55.0  129.0    37.0   87.0\n",
+       "2079    95.0   50.0   45.0    19.0   84.0\n",
+       "2080   124.0   74.0   65.0    31.0   53.0\n",
+       "2081    26.0   35.0  149.0   145.0  127.0\n",
+       "2082    19.0   21.0  101.0     3.0   89.0\n",
+       "2083    84.0    8.0  131.0    71.0    4.0\n",
+       "2084    28.0   74.0  105.0    68.0   89.0\n",
+       "2085    23.0   93.0   84.0    97.0   88.0\n",
+       "2086    86.0  133.0   26.0   125.0   13.0\n",
+       "2087    21.0  124.0   40.0    31.0    5.0\n",
+       "2088    20.0   15.0   35.0    31.0   37.0\n",
+       "2089    96.0  123.0  123.0     5.0   64.0\n",
+       "2090    22.0   43.0   92.0    78.0   60.0\n",
+       "2091    16.0   31.0   17.0    60.0   58.0\n",
+       "2092    65.0   18.0   13.0    13.0   34.0\n",
+       "2093    69.0   49.0  109.0    40.0   58.0\n",
+       "2094   128.0   46.0   10.0    82.0  111.0\n",
+       "2095    26.0   59.0    8.0    54.0  149.0\n",
+       "2096   143.0   47.0   90.0    92.0   66.0\n",
+       "2097     5.0   97.0   73.0   140.0  104.0\n",
+       "2098   102.0    6.0    7.0     5.0  119.0\n",
+       "2099    97.0   19.0   77.0    31.0   48.0\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[2000 rows x 5 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 60,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = df.fillna(s)\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 61,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    0\n",
+       "En        0\n",
+       "Math      0\n",
+       "Physic    0\n",
+       "Chem      0\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 61,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2.isnull().sum()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 62,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    190\n",
+       "En        200\n",
+       "Math      194\n",
+       "Physic    189\n",
+       "Chem      181\n",
+       "dtype: int64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 62,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.isnull().sum()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 65,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>67.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>72.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100    82.0   89.0   99.0   101.0  125.0\n",
+       "101     4.0   31.0  109.0    32.0    5.0\n",
+       "102    56.0  103.0   56.0     NaN   90.0\n",
+       "103    47.0  100.0  147.0   138.0   99.0\n",
+       "104    38.0   46.0    NaN    75.0   44.0\n",
+       "105    18.0   11.0  122.0     3.0  126.0\n",
+       "106    56.0   26.0  106.0    14.0  139.0\n",
+       "107     3.0  137.0   75.0    67.0  144.0\n",
+       "108    35.0   47.0  102.0    60.0   63.0\n",
+       "109    86.0  126.0    NaN    88.0  149.0\n",
+       "110    19.0  140.0    NaN    35.0   33.0\n",
+       "111    76.0    NaN    5.0    11.0   33.0\n",
+       "112    31.0   54.0   91.0   119.0   69.0\n",
+       "113    64.0   37.0   50.0    23.0   21.0\n",
+       "114    72.0   57.0  138.0    15.0   21.0\n",
+       "115    55.0  120.0  104.0    32.0   25.0\n",
+       "116    96.0   24.0   89.0     NaN  146.0\n",
+       "117    63.0    NaN    8.0    64.0   89.0\n",
+       "118    28.0    NaN  125.0    82.0   74.0\n",
+       "119    85.0   39.0   70.0   132.0  111.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 65,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df3 = df.iloc[:20]\n",
+    "df3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 70,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Physic</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Chem</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>100</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>101</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>109.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>102</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>103</th>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>104</th>\n",
+       "      <td>38.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>105</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>106</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>106.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>139.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>107</th>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>67.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>108</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>47.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>109</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>149.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>110</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>31.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>119.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>113</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>114</th>\n",
+       "      <td>72.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>115</th>\n",
+       "      <td>55.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>116</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>117</th>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>118</th>\n",
+       "      <td>28.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>119</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     Python     En   Math  Physic   Chem\n",
+       "100    82.0   89.0   99.0   101.0  125.0\n",
+       "101     4.0   31.0  109.0    32.0    5.0\n",
+       "102    56.0  103.0   56.0    90.0   90.0\n",
+       "103    47.0  100.0  147.0   138.0   99.0\n",
+       "104    38.0   46.0   75.0    75.0   44.0\n",
+       "105    18.0   11.0  122.0     3.0  126.0\n",
+       "106    56.0   26.0  106.0    14.0  139.0\n",
+       "107     3.0  137.0   75.0    67.0  144.0\n",
+       "108    35.0   47.0  102.0    60.0   63.0\n",
+       "109    86.0  126.0   88.0    88.0  149.0\n",
+       "110    19.0  140.0   35.0    35.0   33.0\n",
+       "111    76.0    5.0    5.0    11.0   33.0\n",
+       "112    31.0   54.0   91.0   119.0   69.0\n",
+       "113    64.0   37.0   50.0    23.0   21.0\n",
+       "114    72.0   57.0  138.0    15.0   21.0\n",
+       "115    55.0  120.0  104.0    32.0   25.0\n",
+       "116    96.0   24.0   89.0   146.0  146.0\n",
+       "117    63.0    8.0    8.0    64.0   89.0\n",
+       "118    28.0  125.0  125.0    82.0   74.0\n",
+       "119    85.0   39.0   70.0   132.0  111.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 70,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "'''method : {'backfill', 'bfill', 'pad', 'ffill', None}, default None\n",
+    "    Method to use for filling holes in reindexed Series\n",
+    "    pad / ffill: propagate last valid observation forward to next valid\n",
+    "    backfill / bfill: use NEXT valid observation to fill gap'''\n",
+    "df3.fillna(method='bfill',axis = 1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 71,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2000, 5)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 71,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#数据量足够大，空数据比较少，直接删除\n",
+    "df.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "df.dro"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/4-pandas多层索引.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,568 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "# 数据分析BI-------->人工智能AI\n",
+    "# 数据分析和数据挖掘一个意思，\n",
+    "# 工具和软件：Excel 免费版\n",
+    "# SPSS（一人一年10000）、SAS（一人一年5000）、Matlab 收费\n",
+    "# R、Python（全方位语言，流行） 免费\n",
+    "# Python + numpy + scipy + pandas + matplotlib + seaborn + pyEcharts + sklearn + kereas（Tensorflow）+…… \n",
+    "# 代码，自动化（数据输入----输出结果）\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "a     63\n",
+       "b    107\n",
+       "c     16\n",
+       "d     35\n",
+       "e    140\n",
+       "f     83\n",
+       "dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 多层索引，行列\n",
+    "# 单层索引\n",
+    "s = Series(np.random.randint(0,150,size = 6),index=list('abcdef'))\n",
+    "s"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "张三  期中    114\n",
+       "    期末    131\n",
+       "李四  期中      3\n",
+       "    期末     63\n",
+       "王五  期中    107\n",
+       "    期末     34\n",
+       "dtype: int32"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 多层索引，两层，三层以上（规则一样）\n",
+    "s2 = Series(np.random.randint(0,150,size = 6),index = pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['张三','李四','王五'],['期中','期末']]))\n",
+    "s2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">张三</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">李四</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>142</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">王五</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       Python   En  Math\n",
+       "张三 期中      73    5    25\n",
+       "   期末      37   36    56\n",
+       "李四 期中     149   81   142\n",
+       "   期末      71  138     0\n",
+       "王五 期中      11   94   103\n",
+       "   期末      25  121    83"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,3)),columns=['Python','En','Math'],index =pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['张三','李四','王五'],['期中','期末']]) )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">张三</th>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>31</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>14</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>69</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">李四</th>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>143</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"4\" valign=\"top\">王五</th>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "         Python   En  Math\n",
+       "张三 期中 A      15   31    17\n",
+       "      B      82   56   123\n",
+       "   期末 A      14    2    78\n",
+       "      B      69   50    17\n",
+       "李四 期中 A      91   87   143\n",
+       "      B     120  118    39\n",
+       "   期末 A      56   76    55\n",
+       "      B      11  105   121\n",
+       "王五 期中 A     147   78     1\n",
+       "      B     128  126   146\n",
+       "   期末 A      49   45   114\n",
+       "      B     121   26    77"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 三层索引\n",
+    "df3 = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (12,3)),columns=['Python','En','Math'],index =pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['张三','李四','王五'],['期中','期末'],['A','B']]) )\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "73"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 先获取列后获取行\n",
+    "df['Python']['张三']['期中']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = df.copy()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">张三</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">李四</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>149</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>142</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>71</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">王五</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>11</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       Python   En  Math\n",
+       "张三 期中      73    5    25\n",
+       "   期末      37   36    56\n",
+       "李四 期中     149   81   142\n",
+       "   期末      71  138     0\n",
+       "王五 期中      11   94   103\n",
+       "   期末      25  121    83"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2.sort_index()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "73"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 22,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 先获取行，后获取列\n",
+    "df.loc['张三'].loc['期中']['Python']"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">张三</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>37</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       Python  En  Math\n",
+       "张三 期中      73   5    25\n",
+       "   期末      37  36    56"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.iloc[[0,1]]"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/5-pandas多层索引计算.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1000 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">En</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  Python        En      Math     \n",
+       "      期中   期末   期中   期末   期中   期末\n",
+       "A    131  101    1   73   15   17\n",
+       "B     62   34   53  101   24   57\n",
+       "C     24   76   36  117  123  105\n",
+       "D    112   46   79   42   46  122\n",
+       "E     66  113  104   45   10  108\n",
+       "F    111  108    4   41  132   21"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 多层列索引\n",
+    "df = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,6)),index = list('ABCDEF'),\n",
+    "               columns=pd.MultiIndex.from_product([['Python','En','Math'],['期中','期末']]))\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python  期中    84.3\n",
+       "        期末    79.7\n",
+       "En      期中    46.2\n",
+       "        期末    69.8\n",
+       "Math    期中    58.3\n",
+       "        期末    71.7\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# round保留2位小数\n",
+    "df.mean().round(1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 10,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">En</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  Python        En      Math     \n",
+       "      期中   期末   期中   期末   期中   期末\n",
+       "A    131  101    1   73   15   17\n",
+       "B     62   34   53  101   24   57\n",
+       "C     24   76   36  117  123  105\n",
+       "D    112   46   79   42   46  122\n",
+       "E     66  113  104   45   10  108\n",
+       "F    111  108    4   41  132   21"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 10,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>16.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>50.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>109.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python    En   Math\n",
+       "A   116.0  37.0   16.0\n",
+       "B    48.0  77.0   40.5\n",
+       "C    50.0  76.5  114.0\n",
+       "D    79.0  60.5   84.0\n",
+       "E    89.5  74.5   59.0\n",
+       "F   109.5  22.5   76.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 13,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# axis = 0代表行\n",
+    "# axis = 1代表列\n",
+    "df.mean(axis = 1,level = 0)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": []
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>46.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>61.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>99.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>60.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     期中    期末\n",
+       "A  49.0  63.7\n",
+       "B  46.3  64.0\n",
+       "C  61.0  99.3\n",
+       "D  79.0  70.0\n",
+       "E  60.0  88.7\n",
+       "F  82.3  56.7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.mean(axis = 1,level = 1).round(1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">En</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Math</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  Python        En      Math     \n",
+       "      期中   期末   期中   期末   期中   期末\n",
+       "A    131  101    1   73   15   17\n",
+       "B     62   34   53  101   24   57\n",
+       "C     24   76   36  117  123  105\n",
+       "D    112   46   79   42   46  122\n",
+       "E     66  113  104   45   10  108\n",
+       "F    111  108    4   41  132   21"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">D</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">E</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">F</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       En  Math  Python\n",
+       "A 期中    1    15     131\n",
+       "  期末   73    17     101\n",
+       "B 期中   53    24      62\n",
+       "  期末  101    57      34\n",
+       "C 期中   36   123      24\n",
+       "  期末  117   105      76\n",
+       "D 期中   79    46     112\n",
+       "  期末   42   122      46\n",
+       "E 期中  104    10      66\n",
+       "  期末   45   108     113\n",
+       "F 期中    4   132     111\n",
+       "  期末   41    21     108"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 行和列的多层索引，进行转换\n",
+    "# Stack the prescribed level(s) from columns to index.\n",
+    "# 从列变成行\n",
+    "df2 = df.stack(level = 1)\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"6\" halign=\"left\">En</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"6\" halign=\"left\">Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"6\" halign=\"left\">Python</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    En                        Math                         Python                       \n",
+       "     A    B    C   D    E   F    A   B    C    D    E    F      A   B   C    D    E    F\n",
+       "期中   1   53   36  79  104   4   15  24  123   46   10  132    131  62  24  112   66  111\n",
+       "期末  73  101  117  42   45  41   17  57  105  122  108   21    101  34  76   46  113  108"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 21,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 从行变成列\n",
+    "df2.unstack(level= 0 )"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">En</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">Python</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17</td>\n",
+       "      <td>131</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62</td>\n",
+       "      <td>34</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>36</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>123</td>\n",
+       "      <td>105</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "      <td>112</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>104</td>\n",
+       "      <td>45</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>41</td>\n",
+       "      <td>132</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    En      Math      Python     \n",
+       "    期中   期末   期中   期末     期中   期末\n",
+       "A    1   73   15   17    131  101\n",
+       "B   53  101   24   57     62   34\n",
+       "C   36  117  123  105     24   76\n",
+       "D   79   42   46  122    112   46\n",
+       "E  104   45   10  108     66  113\n",
+       "F    4   41  132   21    111  108"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 22,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2.unstack(level = 1)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/6-pandas数据集成.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1209 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 数据分析数据挖掘\n",
+    "# 有数据情况下：\n",
+    "# 数据预处理\n",
+    "# 数据清洗（空数据，异常值）\n",
+    "# 数据集成（多个数据合并到一起，级联）数据可能存放在多个表中\n",
+    "# 数据转化\n",
+    "# 数据规约（属性减少（不重要的属性删除），数据减少去重操作）"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[  5,  12,  67,  29,  46, 103,  53,  53, 139,  87],\n",
+       "       [126,  33,  55, 104,  45,  70,  96, 133, 116,  43],\n",
+       "       [ 84,  45,  17,  42,  19,  11, 125,  43,  54,  39],\n",
+       "       [ 97,  68,  99,  90,  28,  60, 135,  84, 111,  63],\n",
+       "       [114,  56,  30,  81,  48,  73, 119,  65,  20,  22]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[115, 128, 122, 127,   4, 135,  26,  25, 131, 139],\n",
+       "       [ 66, 119,  37, 136, 101,  40, 102, 127, 148, 127],\n",
+       "       [ 89,  80, 140, 133,  51, 142,  47,  27,  54,  23],\n",
+       "       [ 64, 127,  33, 128,  60, 106,  67,  94, 110,  76],\n",
+       "       [  6,  21,  23,  96,  10,  62,  26,  79, 149,  43],\n",
+       "       [116, 143, 132, 118,  68,  21,  57, 133, 124, 124]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 首先看numpy数组的集成\n",
+    "nd1 = np.random.randint(0,150,size = (5,10))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "nd2 = np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,10))\n",
+    "display(nd1,nd2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[  5,  12,  67,  29,  46, 103,  53,  53, 139,  87],\n",
+       "       [126,  33,  55, 104,  45,  70,  96, 133, 116,  43],\n",
+       "       [ 84,  45,  17,  42,  19,  11, 125,  43,  54,  39],\n",
+       "       [ 97,  68,  99,  90,  28,  60, 135,  84, 111,  63],\n",
+       "       [114,  56,  30,  81,  48,  73, 119,  65,  20,  22],\n",
+       "       [115, 128, 122, 127,   4, 135,  26,  25, 131, 139],\n",
+       "       [ 66, 119,  37, 136, 101,  40, 102, 127, 148, 127],\n",
+       "       [ 89,  80, 140, 133,  51, 142,  47,  27,  54,  23],\n",
+       "       [ 64, 127,  33, 128,  60, 106,  67,  94, 110,  76],\n",
+       "       [  6,  21,  23,  96,  10,  62,  26,  79, 149,  43],\n",
+       "       [116, 143, 132, 118,  68,  21,  57, 133, 124, 124]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 原来数据一个5行，一个是6行，级联之后变成了11行\n",
+    "nd3 = np.concatenate([nd1,nd2],axis = 0)\n",
+    "nd3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[110,  38, 144,  92,  38,   2,  67,   2, 103,  81],\n",
+       "       [ 56,  61,  61,  22, 108, 145,  95,  44,  40, 100],\n",
+       "       [ 65,  74,  85, 123,  47, 117,  35,  55, 120,  20],\n",
+       "       [ 15,   9,   4,  84,  71, 133, 140,  13,  71,  91],\n",
+       "       [ 94,  31,  41,   5,   7,  32,  50,  24,  18, 120]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[ 65, 149,  86, 138,  98],\n",
+       "       [136,  49, 102,  45, 140],\n",
+       "       [ 13, 124,  94,  81,  73],\n",
+       "       [ 82,  38,   0,  75,  94],\n",
+       "       [146,  28, 143,  61,  49]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "nd1 = np.random.randint(0,150,size = (5,10))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "nd2 = np.random.randint(0,150,size = (5,5))\n",
+    "display(nd1,nd2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([[110,  38, 144,  92,  38,   2,  67,   2, 103,  81,  65, 149,  86,\n",
+       "        138,  98],\n",
+       "       [ 56,  61,  61,  22, 108, 145,  95,  44,  40, 100, 136,  49, 102,\n",
+       "         45, 140],\n",
+       "       [ 65,  74,  85, 123,  47, 117,  35,  55, 120,  20,  13, 124,  94,\n",
+       "         81,  73],\n",
+       "       [ 15,   9,   4,  84,  71, 133, 140,  13,  71,  91,  82,  38,   0,\n",
+       "         75,  94],\n",
+       "       [ 94,  31,  41,   5,   7,  32,  50,  24,  18, 120, 146,  28, 143,\n",
+       "         61,  49]])"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# axis = 0行级联（第一维度的级联），axis = 1（第二个维度的级联，列的级联）\n",
+    "np.concatenate((nd1,nd2),axis = 1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# pandas级联操作，pandas基于numpy\n",
+    "# pandas的级联类似"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math  En\n",
+       "A     113    53  80\n",
+       "B     135    40  52\n",
+       "C     144    18  64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "D     126   118  146\n",
+       "E     147    81   27\n",
+       "F      87    63    1\n",
+       "G      35    95   33\n",
+       "H     130   117   91\n",
+       "I     124    98  122"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df1 = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (3,3)),index = list('ABC'),columns=['Python','Math','En'])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df2 = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,3)),index = list('DEFGHI'),columns=['Python','Math','En'])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "display(df1,df2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A     113    53   80\n",
+       "B     135    40   52\n",
+       "C     144    18   64\n",
+       "D     126   118  146\n",
+       "E     147    81   27\n",
+       "F      87    63    1\n",
+       "G      35    95   33\n",
+       "H     130   117   91\n",
+       "I     124    98  122"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# pandas汇总数据，数据集成\n",
+    "df1.append(df2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>147</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>87</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>124</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A     113    53   80\n",
+       "B     135    40   52\n",
+       "C     144    18   64\n",
+       "D     126   118  146\n",
+       "E     147    81   27\n",
+       "F      87    63    1\n",
+       "G      35    95   33\n",
+       "H     130   117   91\n",
+       "I     124    98  122"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 9,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pd.concat([df1,df2])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 12,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "d:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\ipykernel_launcher.py:1: FutureWarning: Sorting because non-concatenation axis is not aligned. A future version\n",
+      "of pandas will change to not sort by default.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "To accept the future behavior, pass 'sort=False'.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "To retain the current behavior and silence the warning, pass 'sort=True'.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  \"\"\"Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>113.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>135.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>144.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>118.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>146.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>63.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>95.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>H</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>117.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>I</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>124.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>122.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math    En  Python   Math     En\n",
+       "A   113.0  53.0  80.0     NaN    NaN    NaN\n",
+       "B   135.0  40.0  52.0     NaN    NaN    NaN\n",
+       "C   144.0  18.0  64.0     NaN    NaN    NaN\n",
+       "D     NaN   NaN   NaN   126.0  118.0  146.0\n",
+       "E     NaN   NaN   NaN   147.0   81.0   27.0\n",
+       "F     NaN   NaN   NaN    87.0   63.0    1.0\n",
+       "G     NaN   NaN   NaN    35.0   95.0   33.0\n",
+       "H     NaN   NaN   NaN   130.0  117.0   91.0\n",
+       "I     NaN   NaN   NaN   124.0   98.0  122.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 12,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pd.concat([df1,df2],axis = 1,ignore_index = False)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 13,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A      22    58   13\n",
+       "B      99    57   35\n",
+       "C      51    28   24\n",
+       "E       5    60  111\n",
+       "F     137    23  121\n",
+       "G      49    78  115"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A     118   113   81\n",
+       "B      51    22  126\n",
+       "C       0   115  128\n",
+       "E     100   130   94\n",
+       "F      49    93  140\n",
+       "G      70    59   94"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 期中\n",
+    "df1 = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,3)),index = list('ABCEFG'),columns=['Python','Math','En'])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# 期末\n",
+    "df2 = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,3)),index = list('ABCEFG'),columns=['Python','Math','En'])\n",
+    "\n",
+    "display(df1,df2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 16,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\">期中</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"6\" valign=\"top\">期末</th>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>G</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      Python  Math   En\n",
+       "期中 A      22    58   13\n",
+       "   B      99    57   35\n",
+       "   C      51    28   24\n",
+       "   E       5    60  111\n",
+       "   F     137    23  121\n",
+       "   G      49    78  115\n",
+       "期末 A     118   113   81\n",
+       "   B      51    22  126\n",
+       "   C       0   115  128\n",
+       "   E     100   130   94\n",
+       "   F      49    93  140\n",
+       "   G      70    59   94"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 16,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df3 = pd.concat([df1,df2],axis = 0,keys = ['期中','期末'])\n",
+    "df3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">A</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>58</td>\n",
+       "      <td>13</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>118</td>\n",
+       "      <td>113</td>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">B</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>99</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>126</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">C</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>51</td>\n",
+       "      <td>28</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "      <td>128</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">E</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>60</td>\n",
+       "      <td>111</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">F</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "      <td>23</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>93</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">G</th>\n",
+       "      <th>期中</th>\n",
+       "      <td>49</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>115</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>期末</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "      Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A 期中      22    58   13\n",
+       "  期末     118   113   81\n",
+       "B 期中      99    57   35\n",
+       "  期末      51    22  126\n",
+       "C 期中      51    28   24\n",
+       "  期末       0   115  128\n",
+       "E 期中       5    60  111\n",
+       "  期末     100   130   94\n",
+       "F 期中     137    23  121\n",
+       "  期末      49    93  140\n",
+       "G 期中      49    78  115\n",
+       "  期末      70    59   94"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df3.unstack(level = 0).stack()"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/7-pandas数据集成merge.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,1272 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 上一讲，append，concat数据集成方法\n",
+    "# merge融合，根据某一共同属性进行级联，高级用法"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>name</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>A</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>B</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>C</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>D</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>E</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>F</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  name sex  id\n",
+       "0    A   男   1\n",
+       "1    B   女   2\n",
+       "2    C   女   3\n",
+       "3    D   女   4\n",
+       "4    E   男   5\n",
+       "5    F   男   6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df1 = DataFrame({'name':['A','B','C','D','E','F'],\n",
+    "                 'sex':['男','女','女','女','男','男'],\n",
+    "                 'id':[1,2,3,4,5,6]})\n",
+    "df1"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>age</th>\n",
+       "      <th>salary</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   age  salary  id\n",
+       "0   22   12000   1\n",
+       "1   25   15000   2\n",
+       "2   27   20000   3\n",
+       "3   21   30000   4\n",
+       "4   18   10000   5\n",
+       "5   29    8000   7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = DataFrame({'age':[22,25,27,21,18,29],'salary':[12000,15000,20000,30000,10000,8000],'id':[1,2,3,4,5,7]})\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "d:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\pandas\\core\\frame.py:6692: FutureWarning: Sorting because non-concatenation axis is not aligned. A future version\n",
+      "of pandas will change to not sort by default.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "To accept the future behavior, pass 'sort=False'.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "To retain the current behavior and silence the warning, pass 'sort=True'.\n",
+      "\n",
+      "  sort=sort)\n"
+     ]
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>age</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "      <th>name</th>\n",
+       "      <th>salary</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>A</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>B</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>C</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>D</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>E</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>F</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8000.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    age  id name   salary  sex\n",
+       "0   NaN   1    A      NaN    男\n",
+       "1   NaN   2    B      NaN    女\n",
+       "2   NaN   3    C      NaN    女\n",
+       "3   NaN   4    D      NaN    女\n",
+       "4   NaN   5    E      NaN    男\n",
+       "5   NaN   6    F      NaN    男\n",
+       "0  22.0   1  NaN  12000.0  NaN\n",
+       "1  25.0   2  NaN  15000.0  NaN\n",
+       "2  27.0   3  NaN  20000.0  NaN\n",
+       "3  21.0   4  NaN  30000.0  NaN\n",
+       "4  18.0   5  NaN  10000.0  NaN\n",
+       "5  29.0   7  NaN   8000.0  NaN"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df1.append(df2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>name</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "      <th>age</th>\n",
+       "      <th>salary</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>A</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>B</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>C</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>D</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>E</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>F</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  name sex  id  age  salary  id\n",
+       "0    A   男   1   22   12000   1\n",
+       "1    B   女   2   25   15000   2\n",
+       "2    C   女   3   27   20000   3\n",
+       "3    D   女   4   21   30000   4\n",
+       "4    E   男   5   18   10000   5\n",
+       "5    F   男   6   29    8000   7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pd.concat([df1,df2],axis = 1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>name</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "      <th>age</th>\n",
+       "      <th>salary</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>A</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12000</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>B</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15000</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>C</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20000</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>D</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30000</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>E</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10000</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  name sex  id  age  salary\n",
+       "0    A   男   1   22   12000\n",
+       "1    B   女   2   25   15000\n",
+       "2    C   女   3   27   20000\n",
+       "3    D   女   4   21   30000\n",
+       "4    E   男   5   18   10000"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df1.merge(df2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>name</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>id</th>\n",
+       "      <th>age</th>\n",
+       "      <th>salary</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>A</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1</td>\n",
+       "      <td>22.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>B</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>25.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>C</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>27.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>20000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>D</td>\n",
+       "      <td>女</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>30000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>E</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5</td>\n",
+       "      <td>18.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>F</td>\n",
+       "      <td>男</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>29.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8000.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  name  sex  id   age   salary\n",
+       "0    A    男   1  22.0  12000.0\n",
+       "1    B    女   2  25.0  15000.0\n",
+       "2    C    女   3  27.0  20000.0\n",
+       "3    D    女   4  21.0  30000.0\n",
+       "4    E    男   5  18.0  10000.0\n",
+       "5    F    男   6   NaN      NaN\n",
+       "6  NaN  NaN   7  29.0   8000.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df1.merge(df2,how = 'outer')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>14</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>81</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   Python  Math   En\n",
+       "A      40    15   90\n",
+       "B      59    52   83\n",
+       "C      14   138  137\n",
+       "D      89    78   53\n",
+       "E      81   101    3\n",
+       "F      75    79   86"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df = DataFrame(np.random.randint(0,150,size = (6,3)),index = list('ABCDEF'),columns=['Python','Math','En'])\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Python    59.7\n",
+       "Math      77.2\n",
+       "En        75.3\n",
+       "dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "s = df.mean().round(1)\n",
+    "s"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <td>77.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        score_mean\n",
+       "Python        59.7\n",
+       "Math          77.2\n",
+       "En            75.3"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 20,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = DataFrame(s)\n",
+    "df2.columns = ['score_mean']\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "            Python  Math    En\n",
+       "score_mean    59.7  77.2  75.3"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 30,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df3 = df2.T\n",
+    "df3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "            Python   Math     En\n",
+       "A             40.0   15.0   90.0\n",
+       "B             59.0   52.0   83.0\n",
+       "C             14.0  138.0  137.0\n",
+       "D             89.0   78.0   53.0\n",
+       "E             81.0  101.0    3.0\n",
+       "F             75.0   79.0   86.0\n",
+       "score_mean    59.7   77.2   75.3"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 32,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df4 = df.append(df3)\n",
+    "df4"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 38,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>48.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>64.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>96.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "      <td>70.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "            score_mean\n",
+       "A                 48.3\n",
+       "B                 64.7\n",
+       "C                 96.3\n",
+       "D                 73.3\n",
+       "E                 61.7\n",
+       "F                 80.0\n",
+       "score_mean        70.7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 38,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df5 = DataFrame(df4.mean(axis = 1).round(1))\n",
+    "df5.columns = ['score_mean']\n",
+    "df5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 40,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Python</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Math</th>\n",
+       "      <th>En</th>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>A</th>\n",
+       "      <td>40.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>15.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>B</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>C</th>\n",
+       "      <td>14.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>138.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>137.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>D</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>E</th>\n",
+       "      <td>81.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>101.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>F</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>79.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>score_mean</th>\n",
+       "      <td>59.7</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77.2</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "            Python   Math     En  score_mean\n",
+       "A             40.0   15.0   90.0        48.3\n",
+       "B             59.0   52.0   83.0        64.7\n",
+       "C             14.0  138.0  137.0        96.3\n",
+       "D             89.0   78.0   53.0        73.3\n",
+       "E             81.0  101.0    3.0        61.7\n",
+       "F             75.0   79.0   86.0        80.0\n",
+       "score_mean    59.7   77.2   75.3        70.7"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 40,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df4.merge(df5,left_index=True,right_index=True)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/8-pandas分组聚合操作.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,877 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 分组聚合透视\n",
+    "# 很多时候属性是相似的\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Smoke</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight</th>\n",
+       "      <th>IQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>160</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    Hand Smoke     sex  weight   IQ\n",
+       "0  right   yes    male      80  100\n",
+       "1   left   yes  female      50  120\n",
+       "2   left    no  female      48   90\n",
+       "3  right    no    male      75  130\n",
+       "4  right   yes    male      68  140\n",
+       "5  right    no    male     100   80\n",
+       "6  right    no  female      40   94\n",
+       "7  right    no  female      90  110\n",
+       "8   left    no    male      88  100\n",
+       "9  right   yes  female      76  160"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 走右手习惯，是否抽烟，性别，对体重，智商，有一定影响\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df = DataFrame({'Hand':['right','left','left','right','right','right','right','right','left','right'],\n",
+    "               'Smoke':['yes','yes','no','no','yes','no','no','no','no','yes'],\n",
+    "               'sex':['male','female','female','male','male','male','female','female','male','female'],\n",
+    "               'weight':[80,50,48,75,68,100,40,90,88,76],\n",
+    "               'IQ':[100,120,90,130,140,80,94,110,100,160]})\n",
+    "df"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 分组聚合查看规律，某一条件下规律"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight</th>\n",
+       "      <th>IQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>left</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>right</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       weight     IQ\n",
+       "Hand                \n",
+       "left     62.0  103.3\n",
+       "right    75.6  116.3"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "data = df.groupby(by = ['Hand'])[['weight','IQ']].mean().round(1)\n",
+    "data"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>left</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>right</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "       weight\n",
+       "Hand         \n",
+       "left     62.0\n",
+       "right    75.6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.groupby(by = ['Hand'])[['weight']].apply(np.mean).round(1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 14,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = df.groupby(by = ['Hand'])[['weight']].transform(np.mean).round(1)\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight_mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   weight_mean\n",
+       "0         75.6\n",
+       "1         62.0\n",
+       "2         62.0\n",
+       "3         75.6\n",
+       "4         75.6\n",
+       "5         75.6\n",
+       "6         75.6\n",
+       "7         75.6\n",
+       "8         62.0\n",
+       "9         75.6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df2 = df2.add_suffix('_mean')\n",
+    "df2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 19,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th>Smoke</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight</th>\n",
+       "      <th>IQ</th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight_mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>50</td>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75</td>\n",
+       "      <td>130</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>80</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40</td>\n",
+       "      <td>94</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>90</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>left</td>\n",
+       "      <td>no</td>\n",
+       "      <td>male</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>right</td>\n",
+       "      <td>yes</td>\n",
+       "      <td>female</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76</td>\n",
+       "      <td>160</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "    Hand Smoke     sex  weight   IQ  weight_mean\n",
+       "0  right   yes    male      80  100         75.6\n",
+       "1   left   yes  female      50  120         62.0\n",
+       "2   left    no  female      48   90         62.0\n",
+       "3  right    no    male      75  130         75.6\n",
+       "4  right   yes    male      68  140         75.6\n",
+       "5  right    no    male     100   80         75.6\n",
+       "6  right    no  female      40   94         75.6\n",
+       "7  right    no  female      90  110         75.6\n",
+       "8   left    no    male      88  100         62.0\n",
+       "9  right   yes  female      76  160         75.6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 19,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df3 = df.merge(df2,left_index=True,right_index=True)\n",
+    "df3"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 26,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "Hand\n",
+       "left     ([3, 3], [62.0, 103.3])\n",
+       "right    ([7, 7], [75.6, 116.3])\n",
+       "dtype: object"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 26,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "def count(x):\n",
+    "    \n",
+    "    return (x.count(),x.mean().round(1))\n",
+    "\n",
+    "df.groupby(by = ['Hand'])[['weight','IQ']].apply(count)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 28,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>IQ</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th>sex</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">left</th>\n",
+       "      <th>female</th>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>male</th>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th rowspan=\"2\" valign=\"top\">right</th>\n",
+       "      <th>female</th>\n",
+       "      <td>160</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>male</th>\n",
+       "      <td>140</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "               IQ\n",
+       "Hand  sex        \n",
+       "left  female  120\n",
+       "      male    100\n",
+       "right female  160\n",
+       "      male    140"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 28,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "df.groupby(by = ['Hand','sex'])[['IQ']].max()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 29,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "<pandas.core.groupby.generic.DataFrameGroupBy object at 0x0000019E24051EF0>"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 29,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "data = df.groupby(by = ['Hand'])['IQ','weight']\n",
+    "data"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr th {\n",
+       "        text-align: left;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead tr:last-of-type th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">IQ</th>\n",
+       "      <th colspan=\"2\" halign=\"left\">weight</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>max</th>\n",
+       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
+       "      <th>max</th>\n",
+       "      <th>mean</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>left</th>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>103.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>right</th>\n",
+       "      <td>160</td>\n",
+       "      <td>116.3</td>\n",
+       "      <td>100</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        IQ        weight      \n",
+       "       max   mean    max  mean\n",
+       "Hand                          \n",
+       "left   120  103.3     88  62.0\n",
+       "right  160  116.3    100  75.6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 31,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "data.agg(['max','mean']).round(1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 35,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>IQ</th>\n",
+       "      <th>weight</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>Hand</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>left</th>\n",
+       "      <td>120</td>\n",
+       "      <td>62.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>right</th>\n",
+       "      <td>160</td>\n",
+       "      <td>75.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        IQ  weight\n",
+       "Hand              \n",
+       "left   120    62.0\n",
+       "right  160    75.6"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 35,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "data.agg({'IQ':'max','weight':'mean'}).round(1)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/9-pandas数据集成实战.ipynb

@@ -0,0 +1,6213 @@
+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 1,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "import numpy as np\n",
+    "\n",
+    "import pandas as pd\n",
+    "\n",
+    "from pandas import Series,DataFrame"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# csv类型文件呢，文本文件，excel打开，格式化的文件，所以excel可以直接读取成表格\n",
+    "# 美国人口的一些情况\n",
+    "# pandas分析一下美国人口数据"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 2,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5544</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1954</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65758</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59441</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>10</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10932</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>11</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83574</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>12</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57918</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>13</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36420</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>14</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56276</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>15</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82282</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>16</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40411</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>17</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51843</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>18</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35387</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>19</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12407</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>20</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10555</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>21</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96810</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>22</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86943</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>23</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48434</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>24</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69709</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>25</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147046</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>26</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77358</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>27</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110567</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>28</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9351</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>29</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8722</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>30</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121593</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>31</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54475</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>32</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53821</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>33</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70704</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>34</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44828</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>35</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69903</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>36</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98386</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>37</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46058</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>38</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1545</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>39</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32007</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>40</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>41</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>42</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>268601</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>43</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84904</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>44</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9615</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>45</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42769</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>46</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71303</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>47</th>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24231</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>48</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65503</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>49</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97818</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>50</th>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>51</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3515</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                   state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "0                Alabama          52423\n",
+       "1                 Alaska         656425\n",
+       "2                Arizona         114006\n",
+       "3               Arkansas          53182\n",
+       "4             California         163707\n",
+       "5               Colorado         104100\n",
+       "6            Connecticut           5544\n",
+       "7               Delaware           1954\n",
+       "8                Florida          65758\n",
+       "9                Georgia          59441\n",
+       "10                Hawaii          10932\n",
+       "11                 Idaho          83574\n",
+       "12              Illinois          57918\n",
+       "13               Indiana          36420\n",
+       "14                  Iowa          56276\n",
+       "15                Kansas          82282\n",
+       "16              Kentucky          40411\n",
+       "17             Louisiana          51843\n",
+       "18                 Maine          35387\n",
+       "19              Maryland          12407\n",
+       "20         Massachusetts          10555\n",
+       "21              Michigan          96810\n",
+       "22             Minnesota          86943\n",
+       "23           Mississippi          48434\n",
+       "24              Missouri          69709\n",
+       "25               Montana         147046\n",
+       "26              Nebraska          77358\n",
+       "27                Nevada         110567\n",
+       "28         New Hampshire           9351\n",
+       "29            New Jersey           8722\n",
+       "30            New Mexico         121593\n",
+       "31              New York          54475\n",
+       "32        North Carolina          53821\n",
+       "33          North Dakota          70704\n",
+       "34                  Ohio          44828\n",
+       "35              Oklahoma          69903\n",
+       "36                Oregon          98386\n",
+       "37          Pennsylvania          46058\n",
+       "38          Rhode Island           1545\n",
+       "39        South Carolina          32007\n",
+       "40          South Dakota          77121\n",
+       "41             Tennessee          42146\n",
+       "42                 Texas         268601\n",
+       "43                  Utah          84904\n",
+       "44               Vermont           9615\n",
+       "45              Virginia          42769\n",
+       "46            Washington          71303\n",
+       "47         West Virginia          24231\n",
+       "48             Wisconsin          65503\n",
+       "49               Wyoming          97818\n",
+       "50  District of Columbia             68\n",
+       "51           Puerto Rico           3515"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 2,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 美国各州的面积\n",
+    "areas = pd.read_csv('./state-areas.csv')\n",
+    "areas"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 4,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(52, 2)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 4,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "areas.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 3,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>abbreviation</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AK</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AR</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>CO</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>CT</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>DC</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>FL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>10</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>11</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>HI</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>12</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>ID</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>13</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>IL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>14</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>IN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>15</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>IA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>16</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>17</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>KY</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>18</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>LA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>19</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>ME</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>20</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MT</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>21</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NE</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>22</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NV</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>23</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NH</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>24</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>25</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>26</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>27</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NC</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>28</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>ND</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>29</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>OH</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>30</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>OK</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>31</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>OR</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>32</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MD</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>33</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>34</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MI</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>35</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>36</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MS</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>37</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>MO</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>38</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>PA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>39</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>RI</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>40</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>SC</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>41</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>SD</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>42</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>TN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>43</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>44</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>UT</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>45</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>VT</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>46</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>VA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>47</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>WA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>48</th>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>WV</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>49</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>WI</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>50</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>WY</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                   state abbreviation\n",
+       "0                Alabama           AL\n",
+       "1                 Alaska           AK\n",
+       "2                Arizona           AZ\n",
+       "3               Arkansas           AR\n",
+       "4             California           CA\n",
+       "5               Colorado           CO\n",
+       "6            Connecticut           CT\n",
+       "7               Delaware           DE\n",
+       "8   District of Columbia           DC\n",
+       "9                Florida           FL\n",
+       "10               Georgia           GA\n",
+       "11                Hawaii           HI\n",
+       "12                 Idaho           ID\n",
+       "13              Illinois           IL\n",
+       "14               Indiana           IN\n",
+       "15                  Iowa           IA\n",
+       "16                Kansas           KS\n",
+       "17              Kentucky           KY\n",
+       "18             Louisiana           LA\n",
+       "19                 Maine           ME\n",
+       "20               Montana           MT\n",
+       "21              Nebraska           NE\n",
+       "22                Nevada           NV\n",
+       "23         New Hampshire           NH\n",
+       "24            New Jersey           NJ\n",
+       "25            New Mexico           NM\n",
+       "26              New York           NY\n",
+       "27        North Carolina           NC\n",
+       "28          North Dakota           ND\n",
+       "29                  Ohio           OH\n",
+       "30              Oklahoma           OK\n",
+       "31                Oregon           OR\n",
+       "32              Maryland           MD\n",
+       "33         Massachusetts           MA\n",
+       "34              Michigan           MI\n",
+       "35             Minnesota           MN\n",
+       "36           Mississippi           MS\n",
+       "37              Missouri           MO\n",
+       "38          Pennsylvania           PA\n",
+       "39          Rhode Island           RI\n",
+       "40        South Carolina           SC\n",
+       "41          South Dakota           SD\n",
+       "42             Tennessee           TN\n",
+       "43                 Texas           TX\n",
+       "44                  Utah           UT\n",
+       "45               Vermont           VT\n",
+       "46              Virginia           VA\n",
+       "47            Washington           WA\n",
+       "48         West Virginia           WV\n",
+       "49             Wisconsin           WI\n",
+       "50               Wyoming           WY"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 3,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 美国各州 缩写\n",
+    "abbrevs = pd.read_csv('./state-abbrevs.csv')\n",
+    "abbrevs"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 5,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(51, 2)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 5,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "abbrevs.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 6,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4801627.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4757938.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1134192.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1111481.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4833722.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>10</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4672840.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>11</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1132296.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>12</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4718206.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>13</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1134927.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>14</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4569805.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>15</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117229.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>16</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4628981.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>17</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1126798.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>18</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4530729.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>19</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1113662.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>20</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4503491.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>21</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1113083.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>22</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4467634.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>23</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1120409.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>24</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4480089.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>25</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1116590.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>26</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1121287.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>27</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4430141.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>28</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4452173.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>29</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1122273.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2514</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71946051.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2515</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>282162411.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2516</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72376189.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2517</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>279040181.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2518</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>284968955.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2519</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72671175.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2520</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>287625193.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2521</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72936457.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2522</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>290107933.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2523</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73100758.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2524</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>292805298.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2525</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73297735.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2526</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>295516599.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2527</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73523669.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2528</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>298379912.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2529</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73757714.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2530</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>301231207.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2531</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74019405.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2532</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>304093966.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2533</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74104602.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2534</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73585872.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2535</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>316128839.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2536</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>306771529.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2537</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74134167.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2538</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74119556.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2539</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>309326295.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2540</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73902222.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2541</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>311582564.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2542</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73708179.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2543</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>313873685.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>2544 rows × 4 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     state/region     ages  year   population\n",
+       "0              AL  under18  2012    1117489.0\n",
+       "1              AL    total  2012    4817528.0\n",
+       "2              AL  under18  2010    1130966.0\n",
+       "3              AL    total  2010    4785570.0\n",
+       "4              AL  under18  2011    1125763.0\n",
+       "5              AL    total  2011    4801627.0\n",
+       "6              AL    total  2009    4757938.0\n",
+       "7              AL  under18  2009    1134192.0\n",
+       "8              AL  under18  2013    1111481.0\n",
+       "9              AL    total  2013    4833722.0\n",
+       "10             AL    total  2007    4672840.0\n",
+       "11             AL  under18  2007    1132296.0\n",
+       "12             AL    total  2008    4718206.0\n",
+       "13             AL  under18  2008    1134927.0\n",
+       "14             AL    total  2005    4569805.0\n",
+       "15             AL  under18  2005    1117229.0\n",
+       "16             AL    total  2006    4628981.0\n",
+       "17             AL  under18  2006    1126798.0\n",
+       "18             AL    total  2004    4530729.0\n",
+       "19             AL  under18  2004    1113662.0\n",
+       "20             AL    total  2003    4503491.0\n",
+       "21             AL  under18  2003    1113083.0\n",
+       "22             AL    total  2001    4467634.0\n",
+       "23             AL  under18  2001    1120409.0\n",
+       "24             AL    total  2002    4480089.0\n",
+       "25             AL  under18  2002    1116590.0\n",
+       "26             AL  under18  1999    1121287.0\n",
+       "27             AL    total  1999    4430141.0\n",
+       "28             AL    total  2000    4452173.0\n",
+       "29             AL  under18  2000    1122273.0\n",
+       "...           ...      ...   ...          ...\n",
+       "2514          USA  under18  1999   71946051.0\n",
+       "2515          USA    total  2000  282162411.0\n",
+       "2516          USA  under18  2000   72376189.0\n",
+       "2517          USA    total  1999  279040181.0\n",
+       "2518          USA    total  2001  284968955.0\n",
+       "2519          USA  under18  2001   72671175.0\n",
+       "2520          USA    total  2002  287625193.0\n",
+       "2521          USA  under18  2002   72936457.0\n",
+       "2522          USA    total  2003  290107933.0\n",
+       "2523          USA  under18  2003   73100758.0\n",
+       "2524          USA    total  2004  292805298.0\n",
+       "2525          USA  under18  2004   73297735.0\n",
+       "2526          USA    total  2005  295516599.0\n",
+       "2527          USA  under18  2005   73523669.0\n",
+       "2528          USA    total  2006  298379912.0\n",
+       "2529          USA  under18  2006   73757714.0\n",
+       "2530          USA    total  2007  301231207.0\n",
+       "2531          USA  under18  2007   74019405.0\n",
+       "2532          USA    total  2008  304093966.0\n",
+       "2533          USA  under18  2008   74104602.0\n",
+       "2534          USA  under18  2013   73585872.0\n",
+       "2535          USA    total  2013  316128839.0\n",
+       "2536          USA    total  2009  306771529.0\n",
+       "2537          USA  under18  2009   74134167.0\n",
+       "2538          USA  under18  2010   74119556.0\n",
+       "2539          USA    total  2010  309326295.0\n",
+       "2540          USA  under18  2011   73902222.0\n",
+       "2541          USA    total  2011  311582564.0\n",
+       "2542          USA  under18  2012   73708179.0\n",
+       "2543          USA    total  2012  313873685.0\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[2544 rows x 4 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 6,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 美国的人口数据\n",
+    "pop = pd.read_csv('./state-population.csv')\n",
+    "pop"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 8,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2544, 4)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 8,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 7,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 7,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 11,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>abbreviation</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AK</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AR</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        state abbreviation\n",
+       "0     Alabama           AL\n",
+       "1      Alaska           AK\n",
+       "2     Arizona           AZ\n",
+       "3    Arkansas           AR\n",
+       "4  California           CA"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 11,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "abbrevs.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 9,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2544, 4)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(51, 2)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "display(pop.shape,abbrevs.shape)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 15,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2544, 6)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 15,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 级联时，数据变少了96个，哪些数据变少\n",
+    "# inner内连接，outer叫做外连接\n",
+    "pop2 = pop.merge(abbrevs,how = 'outer',left_on='state/region',right_on='abbreviation')\n",
+    "pop2.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 17,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region    False\n",
+       "ages            False\n",
+       "year            False\n",
+       "population       True\n",
+       "state            True\n",
+       "abbreviation     True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 17,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 前三列没有空值\n",
+    "pop2.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 18,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>abbreviation</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state abbreviation\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama           AL\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama           AL\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama           AL\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama           AL\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama           AL"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 18,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 20,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 删除一列\n",
+    "pop2.drop(labels = 'abbreviation',axis = 1,inplace=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 21,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 21,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 22,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region    False\n",
+       "ages            False\n",
+       "year            False\n",
+       "population       True\n",
+       "state            True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 22,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 24,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "0       False\n",
+       "1       False\n",
+       "2       False\n",
+       "3       False\n",
+       "4       False\n",
+       "5       False\n",
+       "6       False\n",
+       "7       False\n",
+       "8       False\n",
+       "9       False\n",
+       "10      False\n",
+       "11      False\n",
+       "12      False\n",
+       "13      False\n",
+       "14      False\n",
+       "15      False\n",
+       "16      False\n",
+       "17      False\n",
+       "18      False\n",
+       "19      False\n",
+       "20      False\n",
+       "21      False\n",
+       "22      False\n",
+       "23      False\n",
+       "24      False\n",
+       "25      False\n",
+       "26      False\n",
+       "27      False\n",
+       "28      False\n",
+       "29      False\n",
+       "        ...  \n",
+       "2514     True\n",
+       "2515     True\n",
+       "2516     True\n",
+       "2517     True\n",
+       "2518     True\n",
+       "2519     True\n",
+       "2520     True\n",
+       "2521     True\n",
+       "2522     True\n",
+       "2523     True\n",
+       "2524     True\n",
+       "2525     True\n",
+       "2526     True\n",
+       "2527     True\n",
+       "2528     True\n",
+       "2529     True\n",
+       "2530     True\n",
+       "2531     True\n",
+       "2532     True\n",
+       "2533     True\n",
+       "2534     True\n",
+       "2535     True\n",
+       "2536     True\n",
+       "2537     True\n",
+       "2538     True\n",
+       "2539     True\n",
+       "2540     True\n",
+       "2541     True\n",
+       "2542     True\n",
+       "2543     True\n",
+       "Name: state, Length: 2544, dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 24,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 定位为空的数据\n",
+    "cond = pop2['state'].isnull()\n",
+    "cond"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 27,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array(['PR', 'USA'], dtype=object)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 27,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 只有当state为空，返回，为空时True\n",
+    "# 去重操作，非重复值\n",
+    "pop2[cond]['state/region'].unique()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 30,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(51, 2)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 30,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "abbrevs.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 31,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(52, 2)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 31,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "areas.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 32,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104100</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5544</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1954</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65758</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59441</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>10</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10932</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>11</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83574</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>12</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57918</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>13</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36420</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>14</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56276</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>15</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82282</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>16</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40411</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>17</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51843</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>18</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35387</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>19</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12407</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>20</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10555</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>21</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96810</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>22</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86943</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>23</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48434</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>24</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69709</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>25</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147046</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>26</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77358</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>27</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110567</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>28</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9351</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>29</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8722</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>30</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121593</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>31</th>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54475</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>32</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53821</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>33</th>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70704</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>34</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44828</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>35</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69903</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>36</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98386</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>37</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46058</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>38</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1545</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>39</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32007</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>40</th>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77121</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>41</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42146</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>42</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>268601</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>43</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84904</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>44</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9615</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>45</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42769</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>46</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71303</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>47</th>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24231</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>48</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65503</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>49</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97818</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>50</th>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>51</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3515</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "                   state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "0                Alabama          52423\n",
+       "1                 Alaska         656425\n",
+       "2                Arizona         114006\n",
+       "3               Arkansas          53182\n",
+       "4             California         163707\n",
+       "5               Colorado         104100\n",
+       "6            Connecticut           5544\n",
+       "7               Delaware           1954\n",
+       "8                Florida          65758\n",
+       "9                Georgia          59441\n",
+       "10                Hawaii          10932\n",
+       "11                 Idaho          83574\n",
+       "12              Illinois          57918\n",
+       "13               Indiana          36420\n",
+       "14                  Iowa          56276\n",
+       "15                Kansas          82282\n",
+       "16              Kentucky          40411\n",
+       "17             Louisiana          51843\n",
+       "18                 Maine          35387\n",
+       "19              Maryland          12407\n",
+       "20         Massachusetts          10555\n",
+       "21              Michigan          96810\n",
+       "22             Minnesota          86943\n",
+       "23           Mississippi          48434\n",
+       "24              Missouri          69709\n",
+       "25               Montana         147046\n",
+       "26              Nebraska          77358\n",
+       "27                Nevada         110567\n",
+       "28         New Hampshire           9351\n",
+       "29            New Jersey           8722\n",
+       "30            New Mexico         121593\n",
+       "31              New York          54475\n",
+       "32        North Carolina          53821\n",
+       "33          North Dakota          70704\n",
+       "34                  Ohio          44828\n",
+       "35              Oklahoma          69903\n",
+       "36                Oregon          98386\n",
+       "37          Pennsylvania          46058\n",
+       "38          Rhode Island           1545\n",
+       "39        South Carolina          32007\n",
+       "40          South Dakota          77121\n",
+       "41             Tennessee          42146\n",
+       "42                 Texas         268601\n",
+       "43                  Utah          84904\n",
+       "44               Vermont           9615\n",
+       "45              Virginia          42769\n",
+       "46            Washington          71303\n",
+       "47         West Virginia          24231\n",
+       "48             Wisconsin          65503\n",
+       "49               Wyoming          97818\n",
+       "50  District of Columbia             68\n",
+       "51           Puerto Rico           3515"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 32,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "areas"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 34,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "0       False\n",
+       "1       False\n",
+       "2       False\n",
+       "3       False\n",
+       "4       False\n",
+       "5       False\n",
+       "6       False\n",
+       "7       False\n",
+       "8       False\n",
+       "9       False\n",
+       "10      False\n",
+       "11      False\n",
+       "12      False\n",
+       "13      False\n",
+       "14      False\n",
+       "15      False\n",
+       "16      False\n",
+       "17      False\n",
+       "18      False\n",
+       "19      False\n",
+       "20      False\n",
+       "21      False\n",
+       "22      False\n",
+       "23      False\n",
+       "24      False\n",
+       "25      False\n",
+       "26      False\n",
+       "27      False\n",
+       "28      False\n",
+       "29      False\n",
+       "        ...  \n",
+       "2514    False\n",
+       "2515    False\n",
+       "2516    False\n",
+       "2517    False\n",
+       "2518    False\n",
+       "2519    False\n",
+       "2520    False\n",
+       "2521    False\n",
+       "2522    False\n",
+       "2523    False\n",
+       "2524    False\n",
+       "2525    False\n",
+       "2526    False\n",
+       "2527    False\n",
+       "2528    False\n",
+       "2529    False\n",
+       "2530    False\n",
+       "2531    False\n",
+       "2532    False\n",
+       "2533    False\n",
+       "2534    False\n",
+       "2535    False\n",
+       "2536    False\n",
+       "2537    False\n",
+       "2538    False\n",
+       "2539    False\n",
+       "2540    False\n",
+       "2541    False\n",
+       "2542    False\n",
+       "2543    False\n",
+       "Name: state/region, Length: 2544, dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 34,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cond = pop2['state/region'] == 'PR'\n",
+    "cond"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 36,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "d:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\ipykernel_launcher.py:1: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
+      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame\n",
+      "\n",
+      "See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy\n",
+      "  \"\"\"Entry point for launching an IPython kernel.\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2['state'][cond] = 'Puerto Rico'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 38,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "d:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\ipykernel_launcher.py:2: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
+      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame\n",
+      "\n",
+      "See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy\n",
+      "  \n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cond = pop2['state/region'] == 'USA'\n",
+    "pop2['state'][cond] = 'United State'"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 39,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region    False\n",
+       "ages            False\n",
+       "year            False\n",
+       "population       True\n",
+       "state           False\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 39,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 42,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(20, 5)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 42,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cond = pop2['population'].isnull()\n",
+    "pop2[cond].shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 43,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2544, 5)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 43,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 45,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# 将难于进行补全的空数据进行删除\n",
+    "pop2.dropna(inplace=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 46,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2524, 5)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 46,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 47,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region    False\n",
+       "ages            False\n",
+       "year            False\n",
+       "population      False\n",
+       "state           False\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 47,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 48,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region    True\n",
+       "ages            True\n",
+       "year            True\n",
+       "population      True\n",
+       "state           True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 48,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.notnull().all()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 50,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "        state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "0     Alabama          52423\n",
+       "1      Alaska         656425\n",
+       "2     Arizona         114006\n",
+       "3    Arkansas          53182\n",
+       "4  California         163707"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 50,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "areas.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 49,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": false
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 49,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop2.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 51,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "(2524, 6)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 51,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop3 = pop2.merge(areas,how = 'outer')\n",
+    "pop3.shape"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 52,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama        52423.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 52,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop3.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 53,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region     False\n",
+       "ages             False\n",
+       "year             False\n",
+       "population       False\n",
+       "state            False\n",
+       "area (sq. mi)     True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 53,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop3.isnull().any()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 54,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2476</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
+       "      <td>64218512.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2477</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1990</td>\n",
+       "      <td>249622814.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2478</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
+       "      <td>252980942.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2479</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1991</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65313018.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2480</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
+       "      <td>66509177.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2481</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1992</td>\n",
+       "      <td>256514231.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2482</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
+       "      <td>259918595.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2483</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1993</td>\n",
+       "      <td>67594938.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2484</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68640936.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2485</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1994</td>\n",
+       "      <td>263125826.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2486</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1995</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69473140.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2487</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70233512.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2488</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1995</td>\n",
+       "      <td>266278403.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2489</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1996</td>\n",
+       "      <td>269394291.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2490</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1997</td>\n",
+       "      <td>272646932.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2491</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1997</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70920738.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2492</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71431406.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2493</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1998</td>\n",
+       "      <td>275854116.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2494</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71946051.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2495</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>282162411.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2496</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2000</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72376189.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2497</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1999</td>\n",
+       "      <td>279040181.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2498</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>284968955.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2499</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2001</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72671175.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2500</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>287625193.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2501</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2002</td>\n",
+       "      <td>72936457.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2502</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>290107933.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2503</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2003</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73100758.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2504</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>292805298.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2505</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2004</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73297735.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2506</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>295516599.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2507</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2005</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73523669.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2508</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>298379912.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2509</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2006</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73757714.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2510</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>301231207.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2511</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2007</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74019405.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2512</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>304093966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2513</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2008</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74104602.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2514</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73585872.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2515</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2013</td>\n",
+       "      <td>316128839.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2516</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>306771529.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2517</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2009</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74134167.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2518</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>74119556.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2519</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>309326295.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2520</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73902222.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2521</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>311582564.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2522</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>73708179.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2523</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>313873685.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>NaN</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     state/region     ages  year   population         state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "2476          USA  under18  1990   64218512.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2477          USA    total  1990  249622814.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2478          USA    total  1991  252980942.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2479          USA  under18  1991   65313018.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2480          USA  under18  1992   66509177.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2481          USA    total  1992  256514231.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2482          USA    total  1993  259918595.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2483          USA  under18  1993   67594938.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2484          USA  under18  1994   68640936.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2485          USA    total  1994  263125826.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2486          USA  under18  1995   69473140.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2487          USA  under18  1996   70233512.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2488          USA    total  1995  266278403.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2489          USA    total  1996  269394291.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2490          USA    total  1997  272646932.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2491          USA  under18  1997   70920738.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2492          USA  under18  1998   71431406.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2493          USA    total  1998  275854116.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2494          USA  under18  1999   71946051.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2495          USA    total  2000  282162411.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2496          USA  under18  2000   72376189.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2497          USA    total  1999  279040181.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2498          USA    total  2001  284968955.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2499          USA  under18  2001   72671175.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2500          USA    total  2002  287625193.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2501          USA  under18  2002   72936457.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2502          USA    total  2003  290107933.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2503          USA  under18  2003   73100758.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2504          USA    total  2004  292805298.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2505          USA  under18  2004   73297735.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2506          USA    total  2005  295516599.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2507          USA  under18  2005   73523669.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2508          USA    total  2006  298379912.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2509          USA  under18  2006   73757714.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2510          USA    total  2007  301231207.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2511          USA  under18  2007   74019405.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2512          USA    total  2008  304093966.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2513          USA  under18  2008   74104602.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2514          USA  under18  2013   73585872.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2515          USA    total  2013  316128839.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2516          USA    total  2009  306771529.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2517          USA  under18  2009   74134167.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2518          USA  under18  2010   74119556.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2519          USA    total  2010  309326295.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2520          USA  under18  2011   73902222.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2521          USA    total  2011  311582564.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2522          USA  under18  2012   73708179.0  United State            NaN\n",
+       "2523          USA    total  2012  313873685.0  United State            NaN"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 54,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cond = pop3['area (sq. mi)'].isnull()\n",
+    "pop3[cond]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 58,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "3790399"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 58,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "a = areas['area (sq. mi)'].sum()\n",
+    "a"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 60,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "name": "stderr",
+     "output_type": "stream",
+     "text": [
+      "d:\\python36\\lib\\site-packages\\ipykernel_launcher.py:3: SettingWithCopyWarning: \n",
+      "A value is trying to be set on a copy of a slice from a DataFrame\n",
+      "\n",
+      "See the caveats in the documentation: http://pandas.pydata.org/pandas-docs/stable/indexing.html#indexing-view-versus-copy\n",
+      "  This is separate from the ipykernel package so we can avoid doing imports until\n"
+     ]
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "cond = pop3['state'] == \"United State\"\n",
+    "\n",
+    "pop3['area (sq. mi)'][cond] = a"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 61,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "state/region     True\n",
+       "ages             True\n",
+       "year             True\n",
+       "population       True\n",
+       "state            True\n",
+       "area (sq. mi)    True\n",
+       "dtype: bool"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 61,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop3.notnull().all()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 62,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state  area (sq. mi)\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama        52423.0\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama        52423.0"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 62,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop3.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 66,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "0       21.3\n",
+       "1       91.9\n",
+       "2       21.6\n",
+       "3       91.3\n",
+       "4       21.5\n",
+       "5       91.6\n",
+       "6       90.8\n",
+       "7       21.6\n",
+       "8       21.2\n",
+       "9       92.2\n",
+       "10      89.1\n",
+       "11      21.6\n",
+       "12      90.0\n",
+       "13      21.6\n",
+       "14      87.2\n",
+       "15      21.3\n",
+       "16      88.3\n",
+       "17      21.5\n",
+       "18      86.4\n",
+       "19      21.2\n",
+       "20      85.9\n",
+       "21      21.2\n",
+       "22      85.2\n",
+       "23      21.4\n",
+       "24      85.5\n",
+       "25      21.3\n",
+       "26      21.4\n",
+       "27      84.5\n",
+       "28      84.9\n",
+       "29      21.4\n",
+       "        ... \n",
+       "2494    19.0\n",
+       "2495    74.4\n",
+       "2496    19.1\n",
+       "2497    73.6\n",
+       "2498    75.2\n",
+       "2499    19.2\n",
+       "2500    75.9\n",
+       "2501    19.2\n",
+       "2502    76.5\n",
+       "2503    19.3\n",
+       "2504    77.2\n",
+       "2505    19.3\n",
+       "2506    78.0\n",
+       "2507    19.4\n",
+       "2508    78.7\n",
+       "2509    19.5\n",
+       "2510    79.5\n",
+       "2511    19.5\n",
+       "2512    80.2\n",
+       "2513    19.6\n",
+       "2514    19.4\n",
+       "2515    83.4\n",
+       "2516    80.9\n",
+       "2517    19.6\n",
+       "2518    19.6\n",
+       "2519    81.6\n",
+       "2520    19.5\n",
+       "2521    82.2\n",
+       "2522    19.4\n",
+       "2523    82.8\n",
+       "Length: 2524, dtype: float64"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 66,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop_density = (pop3['population']/pop3['area (sq. mi)']).round(1)\n",
+    "pop_density"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 67,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>5</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>6</th>\n",
+       "      <td>90.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>7</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>8</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>9</th>\n",
+       "      <td>92.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>10</th>\n",
+       "      <td>89.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>11</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>12</th>\n",
+       "      <td>90.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>13</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>14</th>\n",
+       "      <td>87.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>15</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>16</th>\n",
+       "      <td>88.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>17</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>18</th>\n",
+       "      <td>86.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>19</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>20</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>21</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>22</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>23</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>24</th>\n",
+       "      <td>85.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>25</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>26</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>27</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>28</th>\n",
+       "      <td>84.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>29</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>...</th>\n",
+       "      <td>...</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2494</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2495</th>\n",
+       "      <td>74.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2496</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2497</th>\n",
+       "      <td>73.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2498</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2499</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2500</th>\n",
+       "      <td>75.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2501</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2502</th>\n",
+       "      <td>76.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2503</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2504</th>\n",
+       "      <td>77.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2505</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2506</th>\n",
+       "      <td>78.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2507</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2508</th>\n",
+       "      <td>78.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2509</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2510</th>\n",
+       "      <td>79.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2511</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2512</th>\n",
+       "      <td>80.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2513</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2514</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2515</th>\n",
+       "      <td>83.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2516</th>\n",
+       "      <td>80.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2517</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2518</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2519</th>\n",
+       "      <td>81.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2520</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2521</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2522</th>\n",
+       "      <td>19.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2523</th>\n",
+       "      <td>82.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "<p>2524 rows × 1 columns</p>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "         0\n",
+       "0     21.3\n",
+       "1     91.9\n",
+       "2     21.6\n",
+       "3     91.3\n",
+       "4     21.5\n",
+       "5     91.6\n",
+       "6     90.8\n",
+       "7     21.6\n",
+       "8     21.2\n",
+       "9     92.2\n",
+       "10    89.1\n",
+       "11    21.6\n",
+       "12    90.0\n",
+       "13    21.6\n",
+       "14    87.2\n",
+       "15    21.3\n",
+       "16    88.3\n",
+       "17    21.5\n",
+       "18    86.4\n",
+       "19    21.2\n",
+       "20    85.9\n",
+       "21    21.2\n",
+       "22    85.2\n",
+       "23    21.4\n",
+       "24    85.5\n",
+       "25    21.3\n",
+       "26    21.4\n",
+       "27    84.5\n",
+       "28    84.9\n",
+       "29    21.4\n",
+       "...    ...\n",
+       "2494  19.0\n",
+       "2495  74.4\n",
+       "2496  19.1\n",
+       "2497  73.6\n",
+       "2498  75.2\n",
+       "2499  19.2\n",
+       "2500  75.9\n",
+       "2501  19.2\n",
+       "2502  76.5\n",
+       "2503  19.3\n",
+       "2504  77.2\n",
+       "2505  19.3\n",
+       "2506  78.0\n",
+       "2507  19.4\n",
+       "2508  78.7\n",
+       "2509  19.5\n",
+       "2510  79.5\n",
+       "2511  19.5\n",
+       "2512  80.2\n",
+       "2513  19.6\n",
+       "2514  19.4\n",
+       "2515  83.4\n",
+       "2516  80.9\n",
+       "2517  19.6\n",
+       "2518  19.6\n",
+       "2519  81.6\n",
+       "2520  19.5\n",
+       "2521  82.2\n",
+       "2522  19.4\n",
+       "2523  82.8\n",
+       "\n",
+       "[2524 rows x 1 columns]"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 67,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop_density = DataFrame(pop_density)\n",
+    "pop_density"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 68,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>pop_density</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>91.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "   pop_density\n",
+       "0         21.3\n",
+       "1         91.9\n",
+       "2         21.6\n",
+       "3         91.3\n",
+       "4         21.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 68,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop_density.columns = ['pop_density']\n",
+    "pop_density.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 69,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "      <th>pop_density</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>0</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1117489.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1130966.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>3</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2010</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4785570.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>4</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>under18</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2011</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1125763.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>21.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  state/region     ages  year  population    state  area (sq. mi)  pop_density\n",
+       "0           AL  under18  2012   1117489.0  Alabama        52423.0         21.3\n",
+       "1           AL    total  2012   4817528.0  Alabama        52423.0         91.9\n",
+       "2           AL  under18  2010   1130966.0  Alabama        52423.0         21.6\n",
+       "3           AL    total  2010   4785570.0  Alabama        52423.0         91.3\n",
+       "4           AL  under18  2011   1125763.0  Alabama        52423.0         21.5"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 69,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop4 = pop3.merge(pop_density,left_index=True,right_index=True)\n",
+    "pop4.head()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 70,
+   "metadata": {
+    "scrolled": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array([2012, 2010, 2011, 2009, 2013, 2007, 2008, 2005, 2006, 2004, 2003,\n",
+       "       2001, 2002, 1999, 2000, 1998, 1997, 1996, 1995, 1994, 1993, 1992,\n",
+       "       1991, 1990], dtype=int64)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 70,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop4['year'].unique()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 71,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/plain": [
+       "array(['under18', 'total'], dtype=object)"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 71,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop4['ages'].unique()"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 73,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "      <th>pop_density</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>95</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AK</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>730307.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>97</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AZ</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6551149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>191</th>\n",
+       "      <td>AR</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2949828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>193</th>\n",
+       "      <td>CA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37999878.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>232.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>287</th>\n",
+       "      <td>CO</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5189458.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>289</th>\n",
+       "      <td>CT</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3591765.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5544.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>647.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>383</th>\n",
+       "      <td>DE</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>917053.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1954.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>469.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>385</th>\n",
+       "      <td>DC</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>633427.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9315.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>479</th>\n",
+       "      <td>FL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19320749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65758.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>293.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>480</th>\n",
+       "      <td>GA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9915646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59441.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>166.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>575</th>\n",
+       "      <td>HI</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1390090.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10932.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>127.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>576</th>\n",
+       "      <td>ID</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1595590.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83574.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>671</th>\n",
+       "      <td>IL</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12868192.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57918.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>222.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>672</th>\n",
+       "      <td>IN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6537782.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36420.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>179.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>767</th>\n",
+       "      <td>IA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3075039.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56276.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>768</th>\n",
+       "      <td>KS</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2885398.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82282.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>863</th>\n",
+       "      <td>KY</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4379730.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40411.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>864</th>\n",
+       "      <td>LA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4602134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51843.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>959</th>\n",
+       "      <td>ME</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1328501.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35387.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>960</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MD</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5884868.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12407.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>474.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1055</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6645303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10555.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>629.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1056</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MI</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9882519.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96810.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1151</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5379646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86943.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1152</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MS</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2986450.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48434.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1247</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MO</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6024522.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69709.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1248</th>\n",
+       "      <td>MT</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1005494.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147046.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1343</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NE</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1855350.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77358.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1344</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NV</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2754354.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110567.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1439</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NH</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1321617.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9351.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1440</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NJ</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8867749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8722.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1016.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1535</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NM</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2083540.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121593.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1536</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NY</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19576125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>359.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1631</th>\n",
+       "      <td>NC</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9748364.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53821.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>181.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1632</th>\n",
+       "      <td>ND</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>701345.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70704.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1727</th>\n",
+       "      <td>OH</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11553031.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>257.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1728</th>\n",
+       "      <td>OK</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3815780.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69903.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1823</th>\n",
+       "      <td>OR</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3899801.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98386.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1824</th>\n",
+       "      <td>PA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12764475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46058.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>277.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1919</th>\n",
+       "      <td>RI</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1050304.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>679.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>1920</th>\n",
+       "      <td>SC</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4723417.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32007.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2015</th>\n",
+       "      <td>SD</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>834047.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2016</th>\n",
+       "      <td>TN</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6454914.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>153.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2111</th>\n",
+       "      <td>TX</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26060796.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>268601.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2112</th>\n",
+       "      <td>UT</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2854871.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84904.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2207</th>\n",
+       "      <td>VT</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>625953.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9615.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2208</th>\n",
+       "      <td>VA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8186628.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42769.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>191.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2303</th>\n",
+       "      <td>WA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6895318.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2304</th>\n",
+       "      <td>WV</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1856680.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24231.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2399</th>\n",
+       "      <td>WI</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5724554.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65503.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2400</th>\n",
+       "      <td>WY</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>576626.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97818.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2475</th>\n",
+       "      <td>PR</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3651545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3515.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1038.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>2523</th>\n",
+       "      <td>USA</td>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>313873685.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3790399.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "     state/region   ages  year   population                 state  area (sq. mi)  pop_density\n",
+       "1              AL  total  2012    4817528.0               Alabama        52423.0         91.9\n",
+       "95             AK  total  2012     730307.0                Alaska       656425.0          1.1\n",
+       "97             AZ  total  2012    6551149.0               Arizona       114006.0         57.5\n",
+       "191            AR  total  2012    2949828.0              Arkansas        53182.0         55.5\n",
+       "193            CA  total  2012   37999878.0            California       163707.0        232.1\n",
+       "287            CO  total  2012    5189458.0              Colorado       104100.0         49.9\n",
+       "289            CT  total  2012    3591765.0           Connecticut         5544.0        647.9\n",
+       "383            DE  total  2012     917053.0              Delaware         1954.0        469.3\n",
+       "385            DC  total  2012     633427.0  District of Columbia           68.0       9315.1\n",
+       "479            FL  total  2012   19320749.0               Florida        65758.0        293.8\n",
+       "480            GA  total  2012    9915646.0               Georgia        59441.0        166.8\n",
+       "575            HI  total  2012    1390090.0                Hawaii        10932.0        127.2\n",
+       "576            ID  total  2012    1595590.0                 Idaho        83574.0         19.1\n",
+       "671            IL  total  2012   12868192.0              Illinois        57918.0        222.2\n",
+       "672            IN  total  2012    6537782.0               Indiana        36420.0        179.5\n",
+       "767            IA  total  2012    3075039.0                  Iowa        56276.0         54.6\n",
+       "768            KS  total  2012    2885398.0                Kansas        82282.0         35.1\n",
+       "863            KY  total  2012    4379730.0              Kentucky        40411.0        108.4\n",
+       "864            LA  total  2012    4602134.0             Louisiana        51843.0         88.8\n",
+       "959            ME  total  2012    1328501.0                 Maine        35387.0         37.5\n",
+       "960            MD  total  2012    5884868.0              Maryland        12407.0        474.3\n",
+       "1055           MA  total  2012    6645303.0         Massachusetts        10555.0        629.6\n",
+       "1056           MI  total  2012    9882519.0              Michigan        96810.0        102.1\n",
+       "1151           MN  total  2012    5379646.0             Minnesota        86943.0         61.9\n",
+       "1152           MS  total  2012    2986450.0           Mississippi        48434.0         61.7\n",
+       "1247           MO  total  2012    6024522.0              Missouri        69709.0         86.4\n",
+       "1248           MT  total  2012    1005494.0               Montana       147046.0          6.8\n",
+       "1343           NE  total  2012    1855350.0              Nebraska        77358.0         24.0\n",
+       "1344           NV  total  2012    2754354.0                Nevada       110567.0         24.9\n",
+       "1439           NH  total  2012    1321617.0         New Hampshire         9351.0        141.3\n",
+       "1440           NJ  total  2012    8867749.0            New Jersey         8722.0       1016.7\n",
+       "1535           NM  total  2012    2083540.0            New Mexico       121593.0         17.1\n",
+       "1536           NY  total  2012   19576125.0              New York        54475.0        359.4\n",
+       "1631           NC  total  2012    9748364.0        North Carolina        53821.0        181.1\n",
+       "1632           ND  total  2012     701345.0          North Dakota        70704.0          9.9\n",
+       "1727           OH  total  2012   11553031.0                  Ohio        44828.0        257.7\n",
+       "1728           OK  total  2012    3815780.0              Oklahoma        69903.0         54.6\n",
+       "1823           OR  total  2012    3899801.0                Oregon        98386.0         39.6\n",
+       "1824           PA  total  2012   12764475.0          Pennsylvania        46058.0        277.1\n",
+       "1919           RI  total  2012    1050304.0          Rhode Island         1545.0        679.8\n",
+       "1920           SC  total  2012    4723417.0        South Carolina        32007.0        147.6\n",
+       "2015           SD  total  2012     834047.0          South Dakota        77121.0         10.8\n",
+       "2016           TN  total  2012    6454914.0             Tennessee        42146.0        153.2\n",
+       "2111           TX  total  2012   26060796.0                 Texas       268601.0         97.0\n",
+       "2112           UT  total  2012    2854871.0                  Utah        84904.0         33.6\n",
+       "2207           VT  total  2012     625953.0               Vermont         9615.0         65.1\n",
+       "2208           VA  total  2012    8186628.0              Virginia        42769.0        191.4\n",
+       "2303           WA  total  2012    6895318.0            Washington        71303.0         96.7\n",
+       "2304           WV  total  2012    1856680.0         West Virginia        24231.0         76.6\n",
+       "2399           WI  total  2012    5724554.0             Wisconsin        65503.0         87.4\n",
+       "2400           WY  total  2012     576626.0               Wyoming        97818.0          5.9\n",
+       "2475           PR  total  2012    3651545.0           Puerto Rico         3515.0       1038.8\n",
+       "2523          USA  total  2012  313873685.0          United State      3790399.0         82.8"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 73,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "# 查找2012年美国各州的全民人口数据\n",
+    "\n",
+    "# pandas非常强大的，可以像查询数据库一样进行数据查询\n",
+    "\n",
+    "pop5 = pop4.query(\"year == 2012 and ages == 'total'\")\n",
+    "pop5"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 78,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "pop5.set_index(keys = 'state/region',inplace=True)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 80,
+   "metadata": {
+    "collapsed": true
+   },
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "      <th>pop_density</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AK</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>730307.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>576626.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97818.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1005494.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147046.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ND</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>701345.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70704.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>SD</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>834047.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NM</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2083540.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121593.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ID</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1595590.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83574.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NE</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1855350.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77358.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NV</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2754354.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110567.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>UT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2854871.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84904.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>KS</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2885398.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82282.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ME</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1328501.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35387.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3899801.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98386.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CO</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5189458.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3075039.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56276.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OK</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3815780.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69903.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2949828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AZ</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6551149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MS</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2986450.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48434.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5379646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86943.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>VT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>625953.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9615.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WV</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1856680.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24231.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>USA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>313873685.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3790399.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MO</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6024522.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69709.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5724554.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65503.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>LA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4602134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51843.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6895318.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>TX</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26060796.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>268601.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9882519.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96810.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>KY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4379730.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40411.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>HI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1390090.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10932.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>127.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NH</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1321617.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9351.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>SC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4723417.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32007.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>TN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6454914.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>153.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>GA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9915646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59441.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>166.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6537782.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36420.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>179.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9748364.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53821.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>181.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>VA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8186628.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42769.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>191.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12868192.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57918.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>222.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37999878.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>232.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OH</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11553031.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>257.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>PA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12764475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46058.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>277.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>FL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19320749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65758.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>293.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19576125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>359.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>DE</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>917053.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1954.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>469.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MD</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5884868.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12407.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>474.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6645303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10555.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>629.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3591765.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5544.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>647.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>RI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1050304.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>679.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NJ</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8867749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8722.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1016.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>PR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3651545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3515.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1038.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>DC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>633427.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9315.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "               ages  year   population                 state  area (sq. mi)  pop_density\n",
+       "state/region                                                                            \n",
+       "AK            total  2012     730307.0                Alaska       656425.0          1.1\n",
+       "WY            total  2012     576626.0               Wyoming        97818.0          5.9\n",
+       "MT            total  2012    1005494.0               Montana       147046.0          6.8\n",
+       "ND            total  2012     701345.0          North Dakota        70704.0          9.9\n",
+       "SD            total  2012     834047.0          South Dakota        77121.0         10.8\n",
+       "NM            total  2012    2083540.0            New Mexico       121593.0         17.1\n",
+       "ID            total  2012    1595590.0                 Idaho        83574.0         19.1\n",
+       "NE            total  2012    1855350.0              Nebraska        77358.0         24.0\n",
+       "NV            total  2012    2754354.0                Nevada       110567.0         24.9\n",
+       "UT            total  2012    2854871.0                  Utah        84904.0         33.6\n",
+       "KS            total  2012    2885398.0                Kansas        82282.0         35.1\n",
+       "ME            total  2012    1328501.0                 Maine        35387.0         37.5\n",
+       "OR            total  2012    3899801.0                Oregon        98386.0         39.6\n",
+       "CO            total  2012    5189458.0              Colorado       104100.0         49.9\n",
+       "IA            total  2012    3075039.0                  Iowa        56276.0         54.6\n",
+       "OK            total  2012    3815780.0              Oklahoma        69903.0         54.6\n",
+       "AR            total  2012    2949828.0              Arkansas        53182.0         55.5\n",
+       "AZ            total  2012    6551149.0               Arizona       114006.0         57.5\n",
+       "MS            total  2012    2986450.0           Mississippi        48434.0         61.7\n",
+       "MN            total  2012    5379646.0             Minnesota        86943.0         61.9\n",
+       "VT            total  2012     625953.0               Vermont         9615.0         65.1\n",
+       "WV            total  2012    1856680.0         West Virginia        24231.0         76.6\n",
+       "USA           total  2012  313873685.0          United State      3790399.0         82.8\n",
+       "MO            total  2012    6024522.0              Missouri        69709.0         86.4\n",
+       "WI            total  2012    5724554.0             Wisconsin        65503.0         87.4\n",
+       "LA            total  2012    4602134.0             Louisiana        51843.0         88.8\n",
+       "AL            total  2012    4817528.0               Alabama        52423.0         91.9\n",
+       "WA            total  2012    6895318.0            Washington        71303.0         96.7\n",
+       "TX            total  2012   26060796.0                 Texas       268601.0         97.0\n",
+       "MI            total  2012    9882519.0              Michigan        96810.0        102.1\n",
+       "KY            total  2012    4379730.0              Kentucky        40411.0        108.4\n",
+       "HI            total  2012    1390090.0                Hawaii        10932.0        127.2\n",
+       "NH            total  2012    1321617.0         New Hampshire         9351.0        141.3\n",
+       "SC            total  2012    4723417.0        South Carolina        32007.0        147.6\n",
+       "TN            total  2012    6454914.0             Tennessee        42146.0        153.2\n",
+       "GA            total  2012    9915646.0               Georgia        59441.0        166.8\n",
+       "IN            total  2012    6537782.0               Indiana        36420.0        179.5\n",
+       "NC            total  2012    9748364.0        North Carolina        53821.0        181.1\n",
+       "VA            total  2012    8186628.0              Virginia        42769.0        191.4\n",
+       "IL            total  2012   12868192.0              Illinois        57918.0        222.2\n",
+       "CA            total  2012   37999878.0            California       163707.0        232.1\n",
+       "OH            total  2012   11553031.0                  Ohio        44828.0        257.7\n",
+       "PA            total  2012   12764475.0          Pennsylvania        46058.0        277.1\n",
+       "FL            total  2012   19320749.0               Florida        65758.0        293.8\n",
+       "NY            total  2012   19576125.0              New York        54475.0        359.4\n",
+       "DE            total  2012     917053.0              Delaware         1954.0        469.3\n",
+       "MD            total  2012    5884868.0              Maryland        12407.0        474.3\n",
+       "MA            total  2012    6645303.0         Massachusetts        10555.0        629.6\n",
+       "CT            total  2012    3591765.0           Connecticut         5544.0        647.9\n",
+       "RI            total  2012    1050304.0          Rhode Island         1545.0        679.8\n",
+       "NJ            total  2012    8867749.0            New Jersey         8722.0       1016.7\n",
+       "PR            total  2012    3651545.0           Puerto Rico         3515.0       1038.8\n",
+       "DC            total  2012     633427.0  District of Columbia           68.0       9315.1"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 80,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop5.sort_values(by = 'pop_density')"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 81,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<div>\n",
+       "<style scoped>\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th:only-of-type {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: middle;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe tbody tr th {\n",
+       "        vertical-align: top;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "\n",
+       "    .dataframe thead th {\n",
+       "        text-align: right;\n",
+       "    }\n",
+       "</style>\n",
+       "<table border=\"1\" class=\"dataframe\">\n",
+       "  <thead>\n",
+       "    <tr style=\"text-align: right;\">\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th>ages</th>\n",
+       "      <th>year</th>\n",
+       "      <th>population</th>\n",
+       "      <th>state</th>\n",
+       "      <th>area (sq. mi)</th>\n",
+       "      <th>pop_density</th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>state/region</th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "      <th></th>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </thead>\n",
+       "  <tbody>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>DC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>633427.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>District of Columbia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>68.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9315.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>PR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3651545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Puerto Rico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3515.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1038.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NJ</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8867749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Jersey</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8722.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1016.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>RI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1050304.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Rhode Island</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1545.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>679.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3591765.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Connecticut</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5544.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>647.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6645303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Massachusetts</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10555.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>629.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MD</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5884868.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maryland</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12407.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>474.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>DE</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>917053.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Delaware</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1954.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>469.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19576125.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New York</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>359.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>FL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19320749.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Florida</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65758.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>293.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>PA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12764475.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Pennsylvania</td>\n",
+       "      <td>46058.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>277.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OH</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>11553031.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Ohio</td>\n",
+       "      <td>44828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>257.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37999878.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>California</td>\n",
+       "      <td>163707.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>232.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>12868192.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Illinois</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57918.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>222.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>VA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>8186628.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42769.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>191.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9748364.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53821.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>181.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6537782.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Indiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>36420.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>179.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>GA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9915646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Georgia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>59441.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>166.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>TN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6454914.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Tennessee</td>\n",
+       "      <td>42146.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>153.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>SC</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4723417.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Carolina</td>\n",
+       "      <td>32007.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NH</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1321617.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Hampshire</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9351.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>141.3</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>HI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1390090.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Hawaii</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10932.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>127.2</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>KY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4379730.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kentucky</td>\n",
+       "      <td>40411.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>108.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9882519.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Michigan</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96810.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>102.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>TX</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>26060796.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Texas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>268601.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6895318.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Washington</td>\n",
+       "      <td>71303.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>96.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AL</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4817528.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alabama</td>\n",
+       "      <td>52423.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>91.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>LA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>4602134.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Louisiana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>51843.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>88.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WI</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5724554.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wisconsin</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65503.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>87.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MO</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6024522.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Missouri</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69709.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86.4</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>USA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>313873685.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>United State</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3790399.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WV</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1856680.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>West Virginia</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24231.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>76.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>VT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>625953.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Vermont</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9615.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>65.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MN</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5379646.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Minnesota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>86943.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MS</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2986450.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Mississippi</td>\n",
+       "      <td>48434.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>61.7</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AZ</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6551149.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arizona</td>\n",
+       "      <td>114006.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>57.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2949828.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Arkansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>53182.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>55.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OK</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3815780.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oklahoma</td>\n",
+       "      <td>69903.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>IA</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3075039.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Iowa</td>\n",
+       "      <td>56276.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>54.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>CO</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5189458.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Colorado</td>\n",
+       "      <td>104100.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>49.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>OR</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>3899801.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Oregon</td>\n",
+       "      <td>98386.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>39.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ME</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1328501.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Maine</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35387.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>37.5</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>KS</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2885398.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Kansas</td>\n",
+       "      <td>82282.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>35.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>UT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2854871.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Utah</td>\n",
+       "      <td>84904.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>33.6</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NV</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2754354.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nevada</td>\n",
+       "      <td>110567.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NE</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1855350.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Nebraska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77358.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>24.0</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ID</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1595590.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Idaho</td>\n",
+       "      <td>83574.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>19.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>NM</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2083540.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>New Mexico</td>\n",
+       "      <td>121593.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>17.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>SD</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>834047.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>South Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>77121.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>10.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>ND</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>701345.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>North Dakota</td>\n",
+       "      <td>70704.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>9.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>MT</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1005494.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Montana</td>\n",
+       "      <td>147046.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>6.8</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>WY</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>576626.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Wyoming</td>\n",
+       "      <td>97818.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>5.9</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "    <tr>\n",
+       "      <th>AK</th>\n",
+       "      <td>total</td>\n",
+       "      <td>2012</td>\n",
+       "      <td>730307.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>Alaska</td>\n",
+       "      <td>656425.0</td>\n",
+       "      <td>1.1</td>\n",
+       "    </tr>\n",
+       "  </tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n",
+       "</div>"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "               ages  year   population                 state  area (sq. mi)  pop_density\n",
+       "state/region                                                                            \n",
+       "DC            total  2012     633427.0  District of Columbia           68.0       9315.1\n",
+       "PR            total  2012    3651545.0           Puerto Rico         3515.0       1038.8\n",
+       "NJ            total  2012    8867749.0            New Jersey         8722.0       1016.7\n",
+       "RI            total  2012    1050304.0          Rhode Island         1545.0        679.8\n",
+       "CT            total  2012    3591765.0           Connecticut         5544.0        647.9\n",
+       "MA            total  2012    6645303.0         Massachusetts        10555.0        629.6\n",
+       "MD            total  2012    5884868.0              Maryland        12407.0        474.3\n",
+       "DE            total  2012     917053.0              Delaware         1954.0        469.3\n",
+       "NY            total  2012   19576125.0              New York        54475.0        359.4\n",
+       "FL            total  2012   19320749.0               Florida        65758.0        293.8\n",
+       "PA            total  2012   12764475.0          Pennsylvania        46058.0        277.1\n",
+       "OH            total  2012   11553031.0                  Ohio        44828.0        257.7\n",
+       "CA            total  2012   37999878.0            California       163707.0        232.1\n",
+       "IL            total  2012   12868192.0              Illinois        57918.0        222.2\n",
+       "VA            total  2012    8186628.0              Virginia        42769.0        191.4\n",
+       "NC            total  2012    9748364.0        North Carolina        53821.0        181.1\n",
+       "IN            total  2012    6537782.0               Indiana        36420.0        179.5\n",
+       "GA            total  2012    9915646.0               Georgia        59441.0        166.8\n",
+       "TN            total  2012    6454914.0             Tennessee        42146.0        153.2\n",
+       "SC            total  2012    4723417.0        South Carolina        32007.0        147.6\n",
+       "NH            total  2012    1321617.0         New Hampshire         9351.0        141.3\n",
+       "HI            total  2012    1390090.0                Hawaii        10932.0        127.2\n",
+       "KY            total  2012    4379730.0              Kentucky        40411.0        108.4\n",
+       "MI            total  2012    9882519.0              Michigan        96810.0        102.1\n",
+       "TX            total  2012   26060796.0                 Texas       268601.0         97.0\n",
+       "WA            total  2012    6895318.0            Washington        71303.0         96.7\n",
+       "AL            total  2012    4817528.0               Alabama        52423.0         91.9\n",
+       "LA            total  2012    4602134.0             Louisiana        51843.0         88.8\n",
+       "WI            total  2012    5724554.0             Wisconsin        65503.0         87.4\n",
+       "MO            total  2012    6024522.0              Missouri        69709.0         86.4\n",
+       "USA           total  2012  313873685.0          United State      3790399.0         82.8\n",
+       "WV            total  2012    1856680.0         West Virginia        24231.0         76.6\n",
+       "VT            total  2012     625953.0               Vermont         9615.0         65.1\n",
+       "MN            total  2012    5379646.0             Minnesota        86943.0         61.9\n",
+       "MS            total  2012    2986450.0           Mississippi        48434.0         61.7\n",
+       "AZ            total  2012    6551149.0               Arizona       114006.0         57.5\n",
+       "AR            total  2012    2949828.0              Arkansas        53182.0         55.5\n",
+       "OK            total  2012    3815780.0              Oklahoma        69903.0         54.6\n",
+       "IA            total  2012    3075039.0                  Iowa        56276.0         54.6\n",
+       "CO            total  2012    5189458.0              Colorado       104100.0         49.9\n",
+       "OR            total  2012    3899801.0                Oregon        98386.0         39.6\n",
+       "ME            total  2012    1328501.0                 Maine        35387.0         37.5\n",
+       "KS            total  2012    2885398.0                Kansas        82282.0         35.1\n",
+       "UT            total  2012    2854871.0                  Utah        84904.0         33.6\n",
+       "NV            total  2012    2754354.0                Nevada       110567.0         24.9\n",
+       "NE            total  2012    1855350.0              Nebraska        77358.0         24.0\n",
+       "ID            total  2012    1595590.0                 Idaho        83574.0         19.1\n",
+       "NM            total  2012    2083540.0            New Mexico       121593.0         17.1\n",
+       "SD            total  2012     834047.0          South Dakota        77121.0         10.8\n",
+       "ND            total  2012     701345.0          North Dakota        70704.0          9.9\n",
+       "MT            total  2012    1005494.0               Montana       147046.0          6.8\n",
+       "WY            total  2012     576626.0               Wyoming        97818.0          5.9\n",
+       "AK            total  2012     730307.0                Alaska       656425.0          1.1"
+      ]
+     },
+     "execution_count": 81,
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "execute_result"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "pop5.sort_values(by='pop_density',ascending=False)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "Python 3",
+   "language": "python",
+   "name": "python3"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": {
+    "name": "ipython",
+    "version": 3
+   },
+   "file_extension": ".py",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-python",
+   "name": "python",
+   "nbconvert_exporter": "python",
+   "pygments_lexer": "ipython3",
+   "version": "3.6.5"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

Day76-90/code/state-abbrevs.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+"state","abbreviation"
+"Alabama","AL"
+"Alaska","AK"
+"Arizona","AZ"
+"Arkansas","AR"
+"California","CA"
+"Colorado","CO"
+"Connecticut","CT"
+"Delaware","DE"
+"District of Columbia","DC"
+"Florida","FL"
+"Georgia","GA"
+"Hawaii","HI"
+"Idaho","ID"
+"Illinois","IL"
+"Indiana","IN"
+"Iowa","IA"
+"Kansas","KS"
+"Kentucky","KY"
+"Louisiana","LA"
+"Maine","ME"
+"Montana","MT"
+"Nebraska","NE"
+"Nevada","NV"
+"New Hampshire","NH"
+"New Jersey","NJ"
+"New Mexico","NM"
+"New York","NY"
+"North Carolina","NC"
+"North Dakota","ND"
+"Ohio","OH"
+"Oklahoma","OK"
+"Oregon","OR"
+"Maryland","MD"
+"Massachusetts","MA"
+"Michigan","MI"
+"Minnesota","MN"
+"Mississippi","MS"
+"Missouri","MO"
+"Pennsylvania","PA"
+"Rhode Island","RI"
+"South Carolina","SC"
+"South Dakota","SD"
+"Tennessee","TN"
+"Texas","TX"
+"Utah","UT"
+"Vermont","VT"
+"Virginia","VA"
+"Washington","WA"
+"West Virginia","WV"
+"Wisconsin","WI"
+"Wyoming","WY"

Day76-90/code/state-areas.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+state,area (sq. mi)
+Alabama,52423
+Alaska,656425
+Arizona,114006
+Arkansas,53182
+California,163707
+Colorado,104100
+Connecticut,5544
+Delaware,1954
+Florida,65758
+Georgia,59441
+Hawaii,10932
+Idaho,83574
+Illinois,57918
+Indiana,36420
+Iowa,56276
+Kansas,82282
+Kentucky,40411
+Louisiana,51843
+Maine,35387
+Maryland,12407
+Massachusetts,10555
+Michigan,96810
+Minnesota,86943
+Mississippi,48434
+Missouri,69709
+Montana,147046
+Nebraska,77358
+Nevada,110567
+New Hampshire,9351
+New Jersey,8722
+New Mexico,121593
+New York,54475
+North Carolina,53821
+North Dakota,70704
+Ohio,44828
+Oklahoma,69903
+Oregon,98386
+Pennsylvania,46058
+Rhode Island,1545
+South Carolina,32007
+South Dakota,77121
+Tennessee,42146
+Texas,268601
+Utah,84904
+Vermont,9615
+Virginia,42769
+Washington,71303
+West Virginia,24231
+Wisconsin,65503
+Wyoming,97818
+District of Columbia,68
+Puerto Rico,3515

Day76-90/code/state-population.csv

@@ -0,0 +1,2545 @@
+state/region,ages,year,population
+AL,under18,2012,1117489
+AL,total,2012,4817528
+AL,under18,2010,1130966
+AL,total,2010,4785570
+AL,under18,2011,1125763
+AL,total,2011,4801627
+AL,total,2009,4757938
+AL,under18,2009,1134192
+AL,under18,2013,1111481
+AL,total,2013,4833722
+AL,total,2007,4672840
+AL,under18,2007,1132296
+AL,total,2008,4718206
+AL,under18,2008,1134927
+AL,total,2005,4569805
+AL,under18,2005,1117229
+AL,total,2006,4628981
+AL,under18,2006,1126798
+AL,total,2004,4530729
+AL,under18,2004,1113662
+AL,total,2003,4503491
+AL,under18,2003,1113083
+AL,total,2001,4467634
+AL,under18,2001,1120409
+AL,total,2002,4480089
+AL,under18,2002,1116590
+AL,under18,1999,1121287
+AL,total,1999,4430141
+AL,total,2000,4452173
+AL,under18,2000,1122273
+AL,total,1998,4404701
+AL,under18,1998,1118252
+AL,under18,1997,1122893
+AL,total,1997,4367935
+AL,total,1996,4331103
+AL,total,1995,4296800
+AL,under18,1995,1110553
+AL,under18,1996,1112092
+AL,total,1994,4260229
+AL,total,1993,4214202
+AL,under18,1993,1085606
+AL,under18,1994,1097180
+AL,under18,1992,1072873
+AL,total,1992,4154014
+AL,total,1991,4099156
+AL,under18,1991,1060794
+AL,under18,1990,1050041
+AL,total,1990,4050055
+AK,total,1990,553290
+AK,under18,1990,177502
+AK,total,1992,588736
+AK,under18,1991,182180
+AK,under18,1992,184878
+AK,total,1994,603308
+AK,under18,1994,187439
+AK,total,1991,570193
+AK,total,1993,599434
+AK,under18,1993,187190
+AK,total,1995,604412
+AK,under18,1995,184990
+AK,total,1996,608569
+AK,under18,1996,185360
+AK,under18,1997,188280
+AK,under18,1998,192636
+AK,total,1998,619933
+AK,total,1997,612968
+AK,under18,1999,191422
+AK,total,1999,624779
+AK,total,2000,627963
+AK,under18,2000,190615
+AK,total,2001,633714
+AK,under18,2001,188771
+AK,total,2002,642337
+AK,under18,2002,188482
+AK,total,2003,648414
+AK,under18,2003,186843
+AK,total,2004,659286
+AK,under18,2004,186335
+AK,total,2005,666946
+AK,under18,2005,185304
+AK,total,2006,675302
+AK,under18,2006,185580
+AK,total,2007,680300
+AK,under18,2007,184344
+AK,total,2008,687455
+AK,under18,2008,183124
+AK,under18,2013,188132
+AK,total,2013,735132
+AK,total,2009,698895
+AK,under18,2009,186351
+AK,under18,2010,187902
+AK,total,2010,713868
+AK,under18,2011,188329
+AK,total,2011,723375
+AK,under18,2012,188162
+AK,total,2012,730307
+AZ,under18,2012,1617149
+AZ,total,2012,6551149
+AZ,under18,2011,1616353
+AZ,total,2011,6468796
+AZ,under18,2010,1628563
+AZ,total,2010,6408790
+AZ,under18,2013,1616814
+AZ,total,2013,6626624
+AZ,total,2009,6343154
+AZ,under18,2009,1627343
+AZ,total,2007,6167681
+AZ,under18,2007,1607895
+AZ,total,2008,6280362
+AZ,under18,2008,1628651
+AZ,total,2005,5839077
+AZ,under18,2005,1529168
+AZ,total,2006,6029141
+AZ,under18,2006,1574867
+AZ,total,2004,5652404
+AZ,under18,2004,1484454
+AZ,total,2003,5510364
+AZ,under18,2003,1453671
+AZ,total,2001,5273477
+AZ,under18,2001,1399015
+AZ,total,2002,5396255
+AZ,under18,2002,1427938
+AZ,under18,1999,1332396
+AZ,total,1999,5023823
+AZ,total,2000,5160586
+AZ,under18,2000,1373414
+AZ,total,1998,4883342
+AZ,under18,1998,1285794
+AZ,total,1997,4736990
+AZ,under18,1997,1237159
+AZ,under18,1996,1215285
+AZ,total,1996,4586940
+AZ,total,1995,4432499
+AZ,under18,1995,1173391
+AZ,total,1993,4065440
+AZ,under18,1993,1094233
+AZ,under18,1994,1119857
+AZ,total,1994,4245089
+AZ,under18,1992,1055572
+AZ,under18,1991,1028285
+AZ,total,1991,3788576
+AZ,total,1992,3915740
+AZ,under18,1990,1006040
+AZ,total,1990,3684097
+AR,under18,1990,620933
+AR,total,1990,2356586
+AR,total,1991,2383144
+AR,under18,1991,626212
+AR,under18,1992,638269
+AR,total,1992,2415984
+AR,under18,1994,653842
+AR,total,1994,2494019
+AR,total,1993,2456303
+AR,under18,1993,643474
+AR,under18,1995,667671
+AR,total,1995,2535399
+AR,under18,1996,677912
+AR,total,1996,2572109
+AR,under18,1998,683637
+AR,total,1997,2601091
+AR,under18,1997,680203
+AR,total,1998,2626289
+AR,total,2000,2678588
+AR,under18,2000,680378
+AR,under18,1999,681940
+AR,total,1999,2651860
+AR,total,2002,2705927
+AR,under18,2002,678798
+AR,total,2001,2691571
+AR,under18,2001,679606
+AR,total,2004,2749686
+AR,under18,2004,683166
+AR,total,2003,2724816
+AR,under18,2003,679579
+AR,total,2006,2821761
+AR,under18,2006,697842
+AR,total,2005,2781097
+AR,under18,2005,689787
+AR,total,2008,2874554
+AR,under18,2008,705725
+AR,total,2007,2848650
+AR,under18,2007,702737
+AR,total,2009,2896843
+AR,under18,2009,707886
+AR,under18,2013,709866
+AR,total,2013,2959373
+AR,under18,2011,710576
+AR,total,2011,2938506
+AR,under18,2010,711947
+AR,total,2010,2922280
+AR,under18,2012,710471
+AR,total,2012,2949828
+CA,under18,2012,9209007
+CA,total,2012,37999878
+CA,under18,2011,9252336
+CA,total,2011,37668681
+CA,under18,2010,9284094
+CA,total,2010,37333601
+CA,under18,2013,9174877
+CA,total,2013,38332521
+CA,total,2009,36961229
+CA,under18,2009,9294501
+CA,total,2007,36250311
+CA,under18,2007,9335620
+CA,total,2008,36604337
+CA,under18,2008,9321621
+CA,total,2005,35827943
+CA,under18,2005,9405565
+CA,total,2006,36021202
+CA,under18,2006,9370884
+CA,total,2003,35253159
+CA,under18,2003,9404594
+CA,total,2004,35574576
+CA,under18,2004,9418497
+CA,total,2001,34479458
+CA,under18,2001,9325466
+CA,total,2002,34871843
+CA,under18,2002,9365142
+CA,under18,1999,9207878
+CA,total,1999,33499204
+CA,total,2000,33987977
+CA,under18,2000,9267089
+CA,under18,1998,9163238
+CA,total,1998,32987675
+CA,under18,1997,9135359
+CA,total,1997,32486010
+CA,under18,1996,9079519
+CA,total,1996,32018834
+CA,total,1995,31696582
+CA,under18,1995,8920578
+CA,total,1993,31274928
+CA,under18,1993,8624810
+CA,under18,1994,8790058
+CA,total,1994,31484435
+CA,total,1991,30470736
+CA,under18,1991,8245605
+CA,under18,1992,8439647
+CA,total,1992,30974659
+CA,under18,1990,7980501
+CA,total,1990,29959515
+CO,total,1990,3307618
+CO,under18,1990,881640
+CO,total,1992,3495939
+CO,under18,1992,925577
+CO,under18,1991,896537
+CO,total,1991,3387119
+CO,total,1994,3724168
+CO,under18,1994,966412
+CO,under18,1993,947806
+CO,total,1993,3613734
+CO,under18,1995,984310
+CO,total,1995,3826653
+CO,total,1996,3919972
+CO,under18,1996,1003946
+CO,under18,1997,1030557
+CO,total,1997,4018293
+CO,total,1998,4116639
+CO,under18,1998,1060066
+CO,total,2000,4326921
+CO,under18,2000,1106676
+CO,total,1999,4226018
+CO,under18,1999,1083938
+CO,total,2002,4490406
+CO,under18,2002,1138273
+CO,total,2001,4425687
+CO,under18,2001,1126647
+CO,total,2004,4575013
+CO,under18,2004,1146369
+CO,total,2003,4528732
+CO,under18,2003,1144597
+CO,total,2006,4720423
+CO,under18,2006,1171832
+CO,total,2005,4631888
+CO,under18,2005,1156399
+CO,total,2008,4889730
+CO,under18,2008,1203289
+CO,total,2007,4803868
+CO,under18,2007,1189434
+CO,total,2009,4972195
+CO,under18,2009,1217213
+CO,under18,2013,1237932
+CO,total,2013,5268367
+CO,under18,2010,1226619
+CO,total,2010,5048196
+CO,under18,2011,1230178
+CO,total,2011,5118400
+CO,under18,2012,1232864
+CO,total,2012,5189458
+CT,under18,2012,794959
+CT,total,2012,3591765
+CT,under18,2011,805109
+CT,total,2011,3588948
+CT,under18,2010,814187
+CT,total,2010,3579210
+CT,under18,2013,785566
+CT,total,2013,3596080
+CT,total,2009,3561807
+CT,under18,2009,820839
+CT,total,2007,3527270
+CT,under18,2007,833484
+CT,total,2008,3545579
+CT,under18,2008,826626
+CT,total,2005,3506956
+CT,under18,2005,844034
+CT,total,2006,3517460
+CT,under18,2006,839372
+CT,total,2003,3484336
+CT,under18,2003,851115
+CT,total,2004,3496094
+CT,under18,2004,848979
+CT,total,2001,3432835
+CT,under18,2001,845850
+CT,total,2002,3458749
+CT,under18,2002,848877
+CT,total,1999,3386401
+CT,under18,1999,834654
+CT,total,2000,3411777
+CT,under18,2000,842242
+CT,under18,1998,824600
+CT,total,1998,3365352
+CT,total,1997,3349348
+CT,under18,1997,814373
+CT,under18,1996,811855
+CT,total,1996,3336685
+CT,total,1995,3324144
+CT,under18,1995,808623
+CT,total,1993,3309175
+CT,under18,1993,790749
+CT,under18,1994,801231
+CT,total,1994,3316121
+CT,under18,1991,766304
+CT,total,1991,3302895
+CT,under18,1992,777264
+CT,total,1992,3300712
+CT,total,1990,3291967
+CT,under18,1990,752666
+DE,under18,1990,165628
+DE,total,1990,669567
+DE,under18,1992,174166
+DE,total,1992,694927
+DE,total,1991,683080
+DE,under18,1991,169910
+DE,total,1994,717545
+DE,under18,1994,180833
+DE,total,1993,706378
+DE,under18,1993,176916
+DE,under18,1995,181736
+DE,total,1995,729735
+DE,total,1996,740978
+DE,under18,1996,184021
+DE,under18,1997,186607
+DE,total,1997,751487
+DE,total,1998,763335
+DE,under18,1998,189302
+DE,total,2000,786373
+DE,under18,2000,194914
+DE,total,1999,774990
+DE,under18,1999,192510
+DE,total,2002,806169
+DE,under18,2002,196946
+DE,total,2001,795699
+DE,under18,2001,196038
+DE,total,2004,830803
+DE,under18,2004,199631
+DE,total,2003,818003
+DE,under18,2003,198045
+DE,total,2006,859268
+DE,under18,2006,203729
+DE,total,2005,845150
+DE,under18,2005,201988
+DE,total,2008,883874
+DE,under18,2008,206116
+DE,total,2007,871749
+DE,under18,2007,205155
+DE,under18,2013,203558
+DE,total,2013,925749
+DE,total,2009,891730
+DE,under18,2009,206213
+DE,under18,2010,205478
+DE,total,2010,899711
+DE,under18,2011,204801
+DE,total,2011,907985
+DE,under18,2012,204586
+DE,total,2012,917053
+DC,under18,2012,107642
+DC,total,2012,633427
+DC,under18,2011,103906
+DC,total,2011,619624
+DC,under18,2010,101309
+DC,total,2010,605125
+DC,under18,2013,111474
+DC,total,2013,646449
+DC,total,2009,592228
+DC,under18,2009,102098
+DC,total,2007,574404
+DC,under18,2007,104126
+DC,total,2008,580236
+DC,under18,2008,102257
+DC,total,2005,567136
+DC,under18,2005,107187
+DC,total,2006,570681
+DC,under18,2006,105651
+DC,total,2003,568502
+DC,under18,2003,111403
+DC,total,2004,567754
+DC,under18,2004,109756
+DC,total,2001,574504
+DC,under18,2001,114625
+DC,total,2002,573158
+DC,under18,2002,113822
+DC,total,1999,570220
+DC,under18,1999,115003
+DC,total,2000,572046
+DC,under18,2000,114503
+DC,under18,1998,113839
+DC,total,1998,565232
+DC,under18,1997,119531
+DC,total,1997,567739
+DC,under18,1996,121210
+DC,total,1996,572379
+DC,total,1995,580519
+DC,under18,1995,123620
+DC,total,1993,595302
+DC,under18,1993,120471
+DC,under18,1994,122170
+DC,total,1994,589240
+DC,total,1991,600870
+DC,under18,1991,116825
+DC,under18,1992,118636
+DC,total,1992,597567
+DC,under18,1990,112632
+DC,total,1990,605321
+FL,total,1990,13033307
+FL,under18,1990,2988807
+FL,under18,1991,3045638
+FL,total,1991,13369798
+FL,total,1994,14239444
+FL,under18,1994,3299887
+FL,under18,1993,3214066
+FL,total,1993,13927185
+FL,total,1992,13650553
+FL,under18,1992,3120439
+FL,under18,1995,3366468
+FL,total,1995,14537875
+FL,total,1996,14853360
+FL,under18,1996,3431695
+FL,under18,1998,3557561
+FL,under18,1997,3502269
+FL,total,1997,15186304
+FL,total,1998,15486559
+FL,total,1999,15759421
+FL,under18,1999,3611711
+FL,total,2000,16047515
+FL,under18,2000,3654880
+FL,total,2001,16356966
+FL,under18,2001,3714439
+FL,total,2002,16689370
+FL,under18,2002,3774624
+FL,total,2003,17004085
+FL,under18,2003,3820876
+FL,total,2004,17415318
+FL,under18,2004,3890734
+FL,total,2005,17842038
+FL,under18,2005,3968178
+FL,total,2006,18166990
+FL,under18,2006,4022912
+FL,total,2007,18367842
+FL,under18,2007,4031098
+FL,total,2008,18527305
+FL,under18,2008,4018372
+FL,total,2009,18652644
+FL,under18,2009,3997283
+FL,under18,2013,4026674
+FL,total,2013,19552860
+FL,under18,2010,3999532
+FL,total,2010,18846054
+FL,under18,2011,4002550
+FL,total,2011,19083482
+FL,under18,2012,4012421
+FL,total,2012,19320749
+GA,total,2012,9915646
+GA,under18,2012,2487831
+GA,under18,2011,2488898
+GA,total,2011,9810181
+GA,under18,2010,2490884
+GA,total,2010,9713248
+GA,total,2013,9992167
+GA,total,2009,9620846
+GA,under18,2009,2485781
+GA,under18,2013,2489709
+GA,total,2007,9349988
+GA,under18,2007,2456249
+GA,total,2008,9504843
+GA,under18,2008,2479097
+GA,total,2005,8925922
+GA,under18,2005,2353604
+GA,total,2006,9155813
+GA,under18,2006,2406014
+GA,total,2003,8622793
+GA,under18,2003,2278710
+GA,total,2004,8769252
+GA,under18,2004,2308855
+GA,total,2001,8377038
+GA,under18,2001,2215390
+GA,total,2002,8508256
+GA,under18,2002,2249784
+GA,total,1999,8045965
+GA,under18,1999,2130698
+GA,total,2000,8227303
+GA,under18,2000,2176576
+GA,total,1997,7685099
+GA,under18,1997,2034163
+GA,under18,1998,2078998
+GA,total,1998,7863536
+GA,under18,1996,1993171
+GA,total,1996,7501069
+GA,total,1995,7328413
+GA,under18,1995,1949818
+GA,under18,1992,1817781
+GA,total,1992,6817203
+GA,total,1993,6978240
+GA,under18,1993,1865021
+GA,under18,1994,1906539
+GA,total,1994,7157165
+GA,total,1991,6653005
+GA,under18,1991,1773675
+GA,under18,1990,1747363
+GA,total,1990,6512602
+HI,under18,1990,279983
+HI,total,1990,1113491
+HI,total,1991,1136754
+HI,under18,1991,287871
+HI,under18,1994,307517
+HI,total,1994,1187536
+HI,total,1993,1172838
+HI,under18,1993,301473
+HI,under18,1992,295124
+HI,total,1992,1158613
+HI,total,1995,1196854
+HI,under18,1995,310325
+HI,under18,1996,311213
+HI,total,1996,1203755
+HI,under18,1998,304576
+HI,total,1998,1215233
+HI,total,1997,1211640
+HI,under18,1997,309465
+HI,total,2000,1213519
+HI,under18,2000,295352
+HI,total,1999,1210300
+HI,under18,1999,299680
+HI,total,2002,1239613
+HI,under18,2002,293600
+HI,total,2001,1225948
+HI,under18,2001,294133
+HI,total,2004,1273569
+HI,under18,2004,298103
+HI,total,2003,1251154
+HI,under18,2003,294519
+HI,total,2006,1309731
+HI,under18,2006,299313
+HI,total,2005,1292729
+HI,under18,2005,298497
+HI,total,2008,1332213
+HI,under18,2008,301094
+HI,total,2007,1315675
+HI,under18,2007,300207
+HI,under18,2013,307266
+HI,total,2009,1346717
+HI,under18,2009,302796
+HI,total,2013,1404054
+HI,total,2010,1363731
+HI,under18,2010,303812
+HI,total,2011,1376897
+HI,under18,2011,305396
+HI,under18,2012,305981
+HI,total,2012,1390090
+ID,total,2012,1595590
+ID,under18,2012,427177
+ID,under18,2011,428535
+ID,total,2011,1583930
+ID,under18,2010,428961
+ID,total,2010,1570718
+ID,total,2013,1612136
+ID,total,2009,1554439
+ID,under18,2009,426076
+ID,under18,2013,427781
+ID,total,2007,1505105
+ID,under18,2007,415024
+ID,total,2008,1534320
+ID,under18,2008,422347
+ID,total,2005,1428241
+ID,under18,2005,394651
+ID,total,2006,1468669
+ID,under18,2006,404753
+ID,total,2003,1363380
+ID,under18,2003,379241
+ID,total,2004,1391802
+ID,under18,2004,384692
+ID,total,2001,1319962
+ID,under18,2001,373145
+ID,total,2002,1340372
+ID,under18,2002,375986
+ID,total,1999,1275674
+ID,under18,1999,366689
+ID,total,2000,1299430
+ID,under18,2000,370430
+ID,total,1997,1228520
+ID,under18,1997,357779
+ID,under18,1998,362189
+ID,total,1998,1252330
+ID,under18,1996,353824
+ID,total,1996,1203083
+ID,total,1995,1177322
+ID,under18,1995,349248
+ID,under18,1992,324972
+ID,total,1992,1071685
+ID,total,1993,1108768
+ID,under18,1993,333838
+ID,under18,1994,344242
+ID,total,1994,1145140
+ID,total,1991,1041316
+ID,under18,1991,316732
+ID,under18,1990,313373
+ID,total,1990,1012384
+IL,under18,1990,2940837
+IL,total,1990,11453316
+IL,total,1991,11568964
+IL,under18,1991,2988715
+IL,under18,1994,3110938
+IL,total,1994,11912585
+IL,total,1993,11809579
+IL,under18,1993,3066541
+IL,under18,1992,3033427
+IL,total,1992,11694184
+IL,total,1995,12008437
+IL,under18,1995,3152984
+IL,under18,1996,3192916
+IL,total,1996,12101997
+IL,under18,1998,3225252
+IL,total,1998,12271847
+IL,total,1997,12185715
+IL,under18,1997,3222114
+IL,total,2000,12434161
+IL,under18,2000,3244944
+IL,total,1999,12359020
+IL,under18,1999,3240034
+IL,total,2002,12525556
+IL,under18,2002,3238362
+IL,total,2001,12488445
+IL,under18,2001,3243617
+IL,total,2004,12589773
+IL,under18,2004,3211599
+IL,total,2003,12556006
+IL,under18,2003,3225547
+IL,total,2006,12643955
+IL,under18,2006,3181246
+IL,total,2005,12609903
+IL,under18,2005,3197318
+IL,total,2008,12747038
+IL,under18,2008,3153401
+IL,total,2007,12695866
+IL,under18,2007,3170134
+IL,under18,2013,3023307
+IL,total,2009,12796778
+IL,under18,2009,3138406
+IL,total,2013,12882135
+IL,total,2010,12839695
+IL,under18,2010,3122092
+IL,total,2011,12855970
+IL,under18,2011,3089833
+IL,under18,2012,3057042
+IL,total,2012,12868192
+IN,total,2012,6537782
+IN,under18,2012,1589655
+IN,under18,2011,1598091
+IN,total,2011,6516336
+IN,under18,2010,1605883
+IN,total,2010,6489965
+IN,total,2013,6570902
+IN,total,2009,6459325
+IN,under18,2009,1609704
+IN,under18,2013,1586027
+IN,total,2007,6379599
+IN,under18,2007,1609494
+IN,total,2008,6424806
+IN,under18,2008,1611494
+IN,total,2005,6278616
+IN,under18,2005,1593898
+IN,total,2006,6332669
+IN,under18,2006,1603107
+IN,total,2003,6196638
+IN,under18,2003,1582560
+IN,total,2004,6233007
+IN,under18,2004,1586281
+IN,total,2001,6127760
+IN,under18,2001,1579527
+IN,total,2002,6155967
+IN,under18,2002,1580814
+IN,total,1999,6044970
+IN,under18,1999,1566079
+IN,total,2000,6091866
+IN,under18,2000,1574989
+IN,total,1997,5955267
+IN,under18,1997,1539270
+IN,under18,1998,1551960
+IN,total,1998,5998881
+IN,under18,1996,1517961
+IN,total,1996,5906013
+IN,total,1995,5851459
+IN,under18,1995,1507916
+IN,under18,1992,1461650
+IN,total,1992,5674547
+IN,total,1993,5739019
+IN,under18,1993,1473007
+IN,under18,1994,1491802
+IN,total,1994,5793526
+IN,total,1991,5616388
+IN,under18,1991,1450759
+IN,under18,1990,1437209
+IN,total,1990,5557798
+IA,under18,1990,719366
+IA,total,1990,2781018
+IA,total,1991,2797613
+IA,under18,1991,724446
+IA,under18,1994,728397
+IA,total,1994,2850746
+IA,total,1993,2836972
+IA,under18,1993,727751
+IA,under18,1992,724798
+IA,total,1992,2818401
+IA,total,1995,2867373
+IA,under18,1995,726961
+IA,under18,1996,729177
+IA,total,1996,2880001
+IA,under18,1998,729943
+IA,total,1998,2902872
+IA,total,1997,2891119
+IA,under18,1997,729806
+IA,total,2000,2929067
+IA,under18,2000,733337
+IA,total,1999,2917634
+IA,under18,1999,732671
+IA,total,2002,2934234
+IA,under18,2002,723685
+IA,total,2001,2931997
+IA,under18,2001,728601
+IA,total,2004,2953635
+IA,under18,2004,718708
+IA,total,2003,2941999
+IA,under18,2003,720102
+IA,total,2006,2982644
+IA,under18,2006,721703
+IA,total,2005,2964454
+IA,under18,2005,718488
+IA,total,2008,3016734
+IA,under18,2008,725658
+IA,total,2007,2999212
+IA,under18,2007,723632
+IA,under18,2013,724032
+IA,total,2009,3032870
+IA,under18,2009,726969
+IA,total,2013,3090416
+IA,total,2010,3050314
+IA,under18,2010,727717
+IA,total,2011,3064102
+IA,under18,2011,725522
+IA,under18,2012,723917
+IA,total,2012,3075039
+KS,total,2012,2885398
+KS,under18,2012,726668
+KS,under18,2011,726787
+KS,total,2011,2869548
+KS,under18,2010,727729
+KS,total,2010,2858910
+KS,total,2013,2893957
+KS,total,2009,2832704
+KS,under18,2009,721841
+KS,under18,2013,724092
+KS,total,2007,2783785
+KS,under18,2007,711005
+KS,total,2008,2808076
+KS,under18,2008,714689
+KS,total,2005,2745299
+KS,under18,2005,704689
+KS,total,2006,2762931
+KS,under18,2006,705277
+KS,total,2003,2723004
+KS,under18,2003,707847
+KS,total,2004,2734373
+KS,under18,2004,705456
+KS,total,2001,2702162
+KS,under18,2001,710923
+KS,total,2002,2713535
+KS,under18,2002,709416
+KS,total,1999,2678338
+KS,under18,1999,713022
+KS,total,2000,2693681
+KS,under18,2000,713887
+KS,total,1997,2635292
+KS,under18,1997,704001
+KS,under18,1998,710402
+KS,total,1998,2660598
+KS,under18,1996,696298
+KS,total,1996,2614554
+KS,total,1995,2601008
+KS,under18,1995,694124
+KS,under18,1992,680871
+KS,total,1992,2532395
+KS,total,1993,2556547
+KS,under18,1993,687262
+KS,under18,1994,693673
+KS,total,1994,2580513
+KS,total,1991,2498722
+KS,under18,1991,672033
+KS,under18,1990,662641
+KS,total,1990,2481349
+KY,under18,1990,945951
+KY,total,1990,3694048
+KY,total,1991,3722328
+KY,under18,1991,951512
+KY,under18,1994,981439
+KY,total,1994,3849088
+KY,total,1993,3812206
+KY,under18,1993,971134
+KY,under18,1992,963861
+KY,total,1992,3765469
+KY,total,1995,3887427
+KY,under18,1995,984486
+KY,under18,1996,987062
+KY,total,1996,3919536
+KY,under18,1998,997296
+KY,total,1998,3985391
+KY,total,1997,3952747
+KY,under18,1997,1002609
+KY,total,2000,4049021
+KY,under18,2000,994984
+KY,total,1999,4018053
+KY,under18,1999,996382
+KY,total,2002,4089875
+KY,under18,2002,995251
+KY,total,2001,4068132
+KY,under18,2001,994105
+KY,total,2004,4146101
+KY,under18,2004,998459
+KY,total,2003,4117170
+KY,under18,2003,998485
+KY,total,2006,4219239
+KY,under18,2006,1011295
+KY,total,2005,4182742
+KY,under18,2005,1004020
+KY,total,2008,4289878
+KY,under18,2008,1022001
+KY,total,2007,4256672
+KY,under18,2007,1016288
+KY,under18,2013,1014004
+KY,total,2009,4317074
+KY,under18,2009,1021710
+KY,total,2013,4395295
+KY,total,2010,4347698
+KY,under18,2010,1023679
+KY,total,2011,4366869
+KY,under18,2011,1021926
+KY,under18,2012,1017350
+KY,total,2012,4379730
+LA,total,2012,4602134
+LA,under18,2012,1114620
+LA,under18,2011,1116579
+LA,total,2011,4575197
+LA,under18,2010,1118576
+LA,total,2010,4545392
+LA,total,2013,4625470
+LA,total,2009,4491648
+LA,under18,2009,1114228
+LA,under18,2013,1112957
+LA,total,2007,4375581
+LA,under18,2007,1096642
+LA,total,2008,4435586
+LA,under18,2008,1108728
+LA,total,2005,4576628
+LA,under18,2005,1177954
+LA,total,2006,4302665
+LA,under18,2006,1078779
+LA,total,2003,4521042
+LA,under18,2003,1188070
+LA,total,2004,4552238
+LA,under18,2004,1182731
+LA,total,2001,4477875
+LA,under18,2001,1204187
+LA,total,2002,4497267
+LA,under18,2002,1194819
+LA,total,2000,4471885
+LA,under18,2000,1217670
+LA,total,1999,4460811
+LA,under18,1999,1227167
+LA,total,1997,4421072
+LA,under18,1997,1239665
+LA,under18,1998,1232984
+LA,total,1998,4440344
+LA,under18,1996,1244627
+LA,total,1996,4398877
+LA,total,1995,4378779
+LA,under18,1995,1250112
+LA,under18,1992,1237034
+LA,total,1992,4293003
+LA,total,1993,4316428
+LA,under18,1993,1239161
+LA,under18,1994,1247631
+LA,total,1994,4347481
+LA,total,1991,4253279
+LA,under18,1991,1222330
+LA,under18,1990,1205984
+LA,total,1990,4221532
+ME,under18,1990,308066
+ME,total,1990,1231719
+ME,total,1991,1237081
+ME,under18,1991,309871
+ME,under18,1994,311570
+ME,total,1994,1242662
+ME,total,1993,1242302
+ME,under18,1993,310966
+ME,under18,1992,310679
+ME,total,1992,1238508
+ME,total,1995,1243481
+ME,under18,1995,309173
+ME,under18,1996,307740
+ME,total,1996,1249060
+ME,under18,1998,304496
+ME,total,1998,1259127
+ME,total,1997,1254774
+ME,under18,1997,305097
+ME,total,1999,1266808
+ME,under18,1999,302321
+ME,total,2000,1277072
+ME,under18,2000,301407
+ME,total,2002,1295960
+ME,under18,2002,298595
+ME,total,2001,1285692
+ME,under18,2001,300088
+ME,total,2004,1313688
+ME,under18,2004,294791
+ME,total,2003,1306513
+ME,under18,2003,296786
+ME,total,2006,1323619
+ME,under18,2006,288945
+ME,total,2005,1318787
+ME,under18,2005,292039
+ME,total,2008,1330509
+ME,under18,2008,282204
+ME,total,2007,1327040
+ME,under18,2007,286185
+ME,under18,2013,261276
+ME,total,2009,1329590
+ME,under18,2009,277946
+ME,total,2013,1328302
+ME,total,2010,1327366
+ME,under18,2010,273061
+ME,total,2011,1327844
+ME,under18,2011,268737
+ME,under18,2012,264846
+ME,total,2012,1328501
+MD,total,2012,5884868
+MD,under18,2012,1346235
+MD,under18,2011,1348766
+MD,total,2011,5840241
+MD,under18,2010,1351983
+MD,total,2010,5787193
+MD,total,2013,5928814
+MD,total,2009,5730388
+MD,under18,2009,1353631
+MD,under18,2013,1344522
+MD,total,2007,5653408
+MD,under18,2007,1369563
+MD,total,2008,5684965
+MD,under18,2008,1359214
+MD,total,2005,5592379
+MD,under18,2005,1382966
+MD,total,2006,5627367
+MD,under18,2006,1377756
+MD,total,2003,5496269
+MD,under18,2003,1379641
+MD,total,2004,5546935
+MD,under18,2004,1383450
+MD,total,2001,5374691
+MD,under18,2001,1366552
+MD,total,2002,5440389
+MD,under18,2002,1375354
+MD,total,2000,5311034
+MD,under18,2000,1356961
+MD,total,1999,5254509
+MD,under18,1999,1348659
+MD,total,1997,5157328
+MD,under18,1997,1321306
+MD,under18,1998,1338727
+MD,total,1998,5204464
+MD,under18,1996,1303816
+MD,total,1996,5111986
+MD,total,1995,5070033
+MD,under18,1995,1300695
+MD,under18,1992,1235498
+MD,total,1992,4923369
+MD,total,1993,4971889
+MD,under18,1993,1261738
+MD,under18,1994,1280772
+MD,total,1994,5023060
+MD,total,1991,4867641
+MD,under18,1991,1208898
+MD,under18,1990,1180426
+MD,total,1990,4799770
+MA,under18,1990,1353806
+MA,total,1990,6022639
+MA,total,1991,6018470
+MA,under18,1991,1375110
+MA,under18,1994,1437069
+MA,total,1994,6095241
+MA,total,1993,6060569
+MA,under18,1993,1415724
+MA,under18,1992,1390188
+MA,total,1992,6028709
+MA,total,1995,6141445
+MA,under18,1995,1453489
+MA,under18,1996,1468614
+MA,total,1996,6179756
+MA,under18,1998,1491652
+MA,total,1998,6271838
+MA,total,1997,6226058
+MA,under18,1997,1478203
+MA,total,1999,6317345
+MA,under18,1999,1495818
+MA,total,2000,6361104
+MA,under18,2000,1501334
+MA,total,2001,6397634
+MA,under18,2001,1505028
+MA,total,2002,6417206
+MA,under18,2002,1502652
+MA,total,2004,6412281
+MA,under18,2004,1479541
+MA,total,2003,6422565
+MA,under18,2003,1493372
+MA,total,2006,6410084
+MA,under18,2006,1450202
+MA,total,2005,6403290
+MA,under18,2005,1464140
+MA,total,2008,6468967
+MA,under18,2008,1429727
+MA,total,2007,6431559
+MA,under18,2007,1439757
+MA,under18,2013,1393946
+MA,total,2009,6517613
+MA,under18,2009,1422935
+MA,total,2013,6692824
+MA,total,2010,6563263
+MA,under18,2010,1415962
+MA,total,2011,6606285
+MA,under18,2011,1407240
+MA,under18,2012,1399417
+MA,total,2012,6645303
+MI,total,2012,9882519
+MI,under18,2012,2269365
+MI,under18,2011,2299116
+MI,total,2011,9874589
+MI,under18,2010,2333121
+MI,total,2010,9876149
+MI,total,2013,9895622
+MI,total,2009,9901591
+MI,under18,2009,2372603
+MI,under18,2013,2245201
+MI,total,2007,10001284
+MI,under18,2007,2470063
+MI,total,2008,9946889
+MI,under18,2008,2418879
+MI,total,2005,10051137
+MI,under18,2005,2531839
+MI,total,2006,10036081
+MI,under18,2006,2503548
+MI,total,2003,10041152
+MI,under18,2003,2569080
+MI,total,2004,10055315
+MI,under18,2004,2553314
+MI,total,2002,10015710
+MI,under18,2002,2584310
+MI,total,2001,9991120
+MI,under18,2001,2593310
+MI,total,2000,9952450
+MI,under18,2000,2596114
+MI,total,1999,9897116
+MI,under18,1999,2591944
+MI,total,1997,9809051
+MI,under18,1997,2582270
+MI,under18,1998,2586343
+MI,total,1998,9847942
+MI,under18,1996,2569745
+MI,total,1996,9758645
+MI,total,1995,9676211
+MI,under18,1995,2556799
+MI,under18,1992,2501765
+MI,total,1992,9479065
+MI,total,1993,9540114
+MI,under18,1993,2522249
+MI,under18,1994,2535196
+MI,total,1994,9597737
+MI,total,1991,9400446
+MI,under18,1991,2484957
+MI,under18,1990,2459633
+MI,total,1990,9311319
+MN,under18,1990,1176680
+MN,total,1990,4389857
+MN,total,1991,4440859
+MN,under18,1991,1191207
+MN,under18,1994,1238949
+MN,total,1994,4610355
+MN,total,1993,4555956
+MN,under18,1993,1226723
+MN,under18,1992,1213068
+MN,total,1992,4495572
+MN,total,1995,4660180
+MN,under18,1995,1245932
+MN,under18,1996,1252722
+MN,total,1996,4712827
+MN,under18,1998,1275940
+MN,total,1998,4813412
+MN,total,1997,4763390
+MN,under18,1997,1264250
+MN,total,1999,4873481
+MN,under18,1999,1283102
+MN,total,2000,4933692
+MN,under18,2000,1289715
+MN,total,2001,4982796
+MN,under18,2001,1291261
+MN,total,2002,5018935
+MN,under18,2002,1288795
+MN,total,2004,5087713
+MN,under18,2004,1281946
+MN,total,2003,5053572
+MN,under18,2003,1283687
+MN,total,2006,5163555
+MN,under18,2006,1282381
+MN,total,2005,5119598
+MN,under18,2005,1280557
+MN,total,2008,5247018
+MN,under18,2008,1284179
+MN,total,2007,5207203
+MN,under18,2007,1285074
+MN,under18,2013,1279111
+MN,total,2009,5281203
+MN,under18,2009,1284103
+MN,total,2013,5420380
+MN,total,2010,5310337
+MN,under18,2010,1282693
+MN,total,2011,5347108
+MN,under18,2011,1280424
+MN,under18,2012,1278050
+MN,total,2012,5379646
+MS,total,2012,2986450
+MS,under18,2012,742941
+MS,under18,2011,747742
+MS,total,2011,2977886
+MS,under18,2010,754111
+MS,total,2010,2970047
+MS,total,2013,2991207
+MS,total,2009,2958774
+MS,under18,2009,758539
+MS,under18,2013,737432
+MS,total,2007,2928350
+MS,under18,2007,761171
+MS,total,2008,2947806
+MS,under18,2008,760572
+MS,total,2005,2905943
+MS,under18,2005,760870
+MS,total,2006,2904978
+MS,under18,2006,756990
+MS,total,2003,2868312
+MS,under18,2003,759447
+MS,total,2004,2889010
+MS,under18,2004,760410
+MS,total,2002,2858681
+MS,under18,2002,763148
+MS,total,2001,2852994
+MS,under18,2001,768418
+MS,total,2000,2848353
+MS,under18,2000,774353
+MS,total,1999,2828408
+MS,under18,1999,775662
+MS,total,1997,2777004
+MS,under18,1997,774832
+MS,under18,1998,773721
+MS,total,1998,2804834
+MS,under18,1996,769680
+MS,total,1996,2748085
+MS,total,1995,2722659
+MS,under18,1995,767892
+MS,under18,1992,750224
+MS,total,1992,2623734
+MS,total,1993,2655100
+MS,under18,1993,755820
+MS,under18,1994,763795
+MS,total,1994,2688992
+MS,total,1991,2598733
+MS,under18,1991,738911
+MS,under18,1990,733660
+MS,total,1990,2578897
+MO,under18,1990,1316423
+MO,total,1990,5128880
+MO,total,1991,5170800
+MO,under18,1991,1332306
+MO,under18,1994,1378700
+MO,total,1994,5324497
+MO,total,1993,5271175
+MO,under18,1993,1365903
+MO,under18,1992,1349729
+MO,total,1992,5217101
+MO,under18,1996,1408732
+MO,total,1996,5431553
+MO,total,1995,5378247
+MO,under18,1995,1393554
+MO,under18,1998,1428999
+MO,total,1998,5521765
+MO,total,1997,5481193
+MO,under18,1997,1419837
+MO,total,1999,5561948
+MO,under18,1999,1428047
+MO,total,2000,5607285
+MO,under18,2000,1428383
+MO,total,2001,5641142
+MO,under18,2001,1426575
+MO,total,2002,5674825
+MO,under18,2002,1424513
+MO,total,2004,5747741
+MO,under18,2004,1420956
+MO,total,2003,5709403
+MO,under18,2003,1421927
+MO,total,2006,5842704
+MO,under18,2006,1428324
+MO,total,2005,5790300
+MO,under18,2005,1422978
+MO,total,2008,5923916
+MO,under18,2008,1428945
+MO,total,2007,5887612
+MO,under18,2007,1431346
+MO,under18,2013,1397685
+MO,total,2009,5961088
+MO,under18,2009,1426603
+MO,total,2013,6044171
+MO,total,2010,5996063
+MO,under18,2010,1424042
+MO,total,2011,6010065
+MO,under18,2011,1414444
+MO,under18,2012,1405015
+MO,total,2012,6024522
+MT,total,2012,1005494
+MT,under18,2012,222905
+MT,under18,2011,222977
+MT,total,2011,997600
+MT,under18,2010,223292
+MT,total,2010,990527
+MT,total,2013,1015165
+MT,total,2009,983982
+MT,under18,2009,223675
+MT,under18,2013,223981
+MT,total,2007,964706
+MT,under18,2007,223135
+MT,total,2008,976415
+MT,under18,2008,223814
+MT,total,2005,940102
+MT,under18,2005,221685
+MT,total,2006,952692
+MT,under18,2006,221930
+MT,total,2003,919630
+MT,under18,2003,223012
+MT,total,2004,930009
+MT,under18,2004,221999
+MT,total,2002,911667
+MT,under18,2002,224772
+MT,total,2001,906961
+MT,under18,2001,227118
+MT,total,1999,897508
+MT,under18,1999,231133
+MT,total,2000,903773
+MT,under18,2000,230067
+MT,total,1997,889865
+MT,under18,1997,232813
+MT,under18,1998,231746
+MT,total,1998,892431
+MT,total,1995,876553
+MT,under18,1995,236583
+MT,under18,1996,235294
+MT,total,1996,886254
+MT,under18,1992,230868
+MT,total,1992,825770
+MT,total,1993,844761
+MT,under18,1993,234987
+MT,under18,1994,237289
+MT,total,1994,861306
+MT,total,1991,809680
+MT,under18,1991,225259
+MT,under18,1990,223677
+MT,total,1990,800204
+NE,under18,1990,430068
+NE,total,1990,1581660
+NE,total,1991,1595919
+NE,under18,1991,434525
+NE,under18,1994,442589
+NE,total,1994,1639041
+NE,total,1993,1625590
+NE,under18,1993,439313
+NE,under18,1992,436378
+NE,total,1992,1611687
+NE,under18,1996,446841
+NE,total,1996,1673740
+NE,total,1995,1656993
+NE,under18,1995,444418
+NE,under18,1998,451192
+NE,total,1998,1695817
+NE,total,1997,1686418
+NE,under18,1997,450076
+NE,total,1999,1704764
+NE,under18,1999,451047
+NE,total,2000,1713820
+NE,under18,2000,450380
+NE,total,2001,1719836
+NE,under18,2001,448307
+NE,total,2002,1728292
+NE,under18,2002,447714
+NE,total,2004,1749370
+NE,under18,2004,448360
+NE,total,2003,1738643
+NE,under18,2003,447444
+NE,total,2006,1772693
+NE,under18,2006,450098
+NE,total,2005,1761497
+NE,under18,2005,448918
+NE,total,2008,1796378
+NE,under18,2008,453787
+NE,total,2007,1783440
+NE,under18,2007,451946
+NE,under18,2013,464348
+NE,total,2009,1812683
+NE,under18,2009,456543
+NE,total,2013,1868516
+NE,total,2010,1829838
+NE,under18,2010,459621
+NE,total,2011,1841749
+NE,under18,2011,460872
+NE,under18,2012,462673
+NE,total,2012,1855350
+NV,total,2012,2754354
+NV,under18,2012,659655
+NV,under18,2011,659236
+NV,total,2011,2717951
+NV,under18,2010,663180
+NV,total,2010,2703230
+NV,total,2013,2790136
+NV,total,2009,2684665
+NV,under18,2009,666041
+NV,under18,2013,661605
+NV,total,2007,2601072
+NV,under18,2007,654053
+NV,total,2008,2653630
+NV,under18,2008,662621
+NV,total,2005,2432143
+NV,under18,2005,611595
+NV,total,2006,2522658
+NV,under18,2006,634403
+NV,total,2003,2248850
+NV,under18,2003,568963
+NV,total,2004,2346222
+NV,under18,2004,591314
+NV,total,2002,2173791
+NV,under18,2002,552816
+NV,total,2001,2098399
+NV,under18,2001,534708
+NV,total,1999,1934718
+NV,under18,1999,493701
+NV,total,2000,2018741
+NV,under18,2000,516018
+NV,total,1997,1764104
+NV,under18,1997,443626
+NV,under18,1998,469424
+NV,total,1998,1853192
+NV,total,1995,1581578
+NV,under18,1995,396223
+NV,under18,1996,419133
+NV,total,1996,1666320
+NV,under18,1992,337396
+NV,total,1992,1351367
+NV,total,1993,1411215
+NV,under18,1993,354990
+NV,under18,1994,376745
+NV,total,1994,1499298
+NV,total,1991,1296172
+NV,under18,1991,325033
+NV,under18,1990,316406
+NV,total,1990,1220695
+NH,under18,1990,277454
+NH,total,1990,1112384
+NH,total,1991,1109929
+NH,under18,1991,281127
+NH,under18,1994,295563
+NH,total,1994,1142561
+NH,total,1993,1129458
+NH,under18,1993,290409
+NH,under18,1992,286314
+NH,total,1992,1117785
+NH,under18,1996,300161
+NH,total,1996,1174719
+NH,total,1995,1157561
+NH,under18,1995,298246
+NH,under18,1998,307292
+NH,total,1998,1205941
+NH,total,1997,1189425
+NH,under18,1997,302834
+NH,total,2000,1239882
+NH,under18,2000,310352
+NH,total,1999,1222015
+NH,under18,1999,308423
+NH,total,2001,1255517
+NH,under18,2001,311877
+NH,total,2002,1269089
+NH,under18,2002,312743
+NH,total,2004,1290121
+NH,under18,2004,309243
+NH,total,2003,1279840
+NH,under18,2003,311412
+NH,total,2005,1298492
+NH,under18,2005,307403
+NH,total,2006,1308389
+NH,under18,2006,305169
+NH,total,2008,1315906
+NH,under18,2008,296029
+NH,total,2007,1312540
+NH,under18,2007,300918
+NH,under18,2013,271122
+NH,total,2009,1316102
+NH,under18,2009,290850
+NH,total,2013,1323459
+NH,total,2010,1316614
+NH,under18,2010,285702
+NH,total,2011,1318075
+NH,under18,2011,280486
+NH,under18,2012,275818
+NH,total,2012,1321617
+NJ,total,2012,8867749
+NJ,under18,2012,2035106
+NJ,under18,2011,2049453
+NJ,total,2011,8836639
+NJ,under18,2010,2062013
+NJ,total,2010,8802707
+NJ,total,2013,8899339
+NJ,total,2009,8755602
+NJ,under18,2009,2068684
+NJ,under18,2013,2022117
+NJ,total,2007,8677885
+NJ,under18,2007,2091023
+NJ,total,2008,8711090
+NJ,under18,2008,2076366
+NJ,total,2006,8661679
+NJ,under18,2006,2106403
+NJ,total,2005,8651974
+NJ,under18,2005,2121878
+NJ,total,2003,8601402
+NJ,under18,2003,2126014
+NJ,total,2004,8634561
+NJ,under18,2004,2129051
+NJ,total,2002,8552643
+NJ,under18,2002,2116591
+NJ,total,2001,8492671
+NJ,under18,2001,2102838
+NJ,total,1999,8359592
+NJ,under18,1999,2066678
+NJ,total,2000,8430621
+NJ,under18,2000,2088885
+NJ,total,1997,8218808
+NJ,under18,1997,2028349
+NJ,under18,1998,2042080
+NJ,total,1998,8287418
+NJ,total,1995,8083242
+NJ,under18,1995,1997187
+NJ,under18,1996,2016502
+NJ,total,1996,8149596
+NJ,under18,1992,1890108
+NJ,total,1992,7880508
+NJ,total,1993,7948915
+NJ,under18,1993,1928623
+NJ,under18,1994,1968232
+NJ,total,1994,8014306
+NJ,total,1991,7814676
+NJ,under18,1991,1849605
+NJ,under18,1990,1818187
+NJ,total,1990,7762963
+NM,total,1990,1521574
+NM,under18,1990,453538
+NM,under18,1991,461811
+NM,total,1991,1555305
+NM,under18,1994,497542
+NM,under18,1993,487742
+NM,total,1993,1636453
+NM,total,1992,1595442
+NM,under18,1992,473176
+NM,total,1994,1682398
+NM,under18,1996,508100
+NM,total,1995,1720394
+NM,under18,1995,504558
+NM,total,1996,1752326
+NM,under18,1998,512801
+NM,total,1998,1793484
+NM,total,1997,1774839
+NM,under18,1997,514500
+NM,under18,1999,511135
+NM,total,1999,1808082
+NM,total,2000,1821204
+NM,under18,2000,508132
+NM,total,2001,1831690
+NM,under18,2001,503404
+NM,total,2002,1855309
+NM,under18,2002,502779
+NM,total,2004,1903808
+NM,under18,2004,501184
+NM,total,2003,1877574
+NM,under18,2003,500777
+NM,total,2005,1932274
+NM,under18,2005,502612
+NM,total,2006,1962137
+NM,under18,2006,505125
+NM,total,2008,2010662
+NM,under18,2008,511214
+NM,total,2007,1990070
+NM,under18,2007,508725
+NM,under18,2013,507540
+NM,total,2013,2085287
+NM,total,2009,2036802
+NM,under18,2009,515470
+NM,total,2010,2064982
+NM,under18,2010,518763
+NM,under18,2011,516513
+NM,total,2011,2077919
+NM,under18,2012,512314
+NM,total,2012,2083540
+NY,total,2012,19576125
+NY,under18,2012,4264694
+NY,total,2011,19502728
+NY,under18,2011,4294555
+NY,under18,2010,4318033
+NY,total,2010,19398228
+NY,total,2009,19307066
+NY,under18,2009,4342926
+NY,total,2013,19651127
+NY,under18,2013,4239976
+NY,total,2007,19132335
+NY,under18,2007,4410949
+NY,total,2008,19212436
+NY,under18,2008,4372170
+NY,total,2006,19104631
+NY,under18,2006,4457777
+NY,total,2005,19132610
+NY,under18,2005,4514456
+NY,total,2003,19175939
+NY,under18,2003,4619506
+NY,total,2004,19171567
+NY,under18,2004,4574065
+NY,total,2002,19137800
+NY,under18,2002,4652232
+NY,total,2001,19082838
+NY,under18,2001,4672425
+NY,under18,1999,4672587
+NY,total,1999,18882725
+NY,total,2000,19001780
+NY,under18,2000,4687374
+NY,under18,1997,4670787
+NY,total,1997,18656546
+NY,total,1998,18755906
+NY,under18,1998,4652140
+NY,total,1996,18588460
+NY,under18,1995,4648419
+NY,total,1995,18524104
+NY,under18,1996,4667647
+NY,total,1994,18459470
+NY,under18,1992,4465539
+NY,total,1992,18246653
+NY,total,1993,18374954
+NY,under18,1993,4538171
+NY,under18,1994,4605284
+NY,total,1991,18122510
+NY,under18,1991,4372727
+NY,under18,1990,4281643
+NY,total,1990,18020784
+NC,under18,1990,1625804
+NC,total,1990,6664016
+NC,total,1991,6784280
+NC,under18,1991,1640394
+NC,total,1993,7042818
+NC,under18,1993,1710267
+NC,under18,1992,1674144
+NC,total,1992,6897214
+NC,under18,1994,1750754
+NC,total,1994,7187398
+NC,total,1995,7344674
+NC,under18,1995,1785150
+NC,under18,1996,1821506
+NC,total,1996,7500670
+NC,under18,1998,1894753
+NC,total,1998,7809122
+NC,total,1997,7656825
+NC,under18,1997,1861621
+NC,total,2000,8081614
+NC,under18,2000,1967626
+NC,total,1999,7949362
+NC,under18,1999,1932141
+NC,total,2001,8210122
+NC,under18,2001,2003782
+NC,total,2002,8326201
+NC,under18,2002,2034451
+NC,total,2004,8553152
+NC,under18,2004,2085165
+NC,total,2003,8422501
+NC,under18,2003,2060838
+NC,total,2005,8705407
+NC,under18,2005,2122485
+NC,total,2006,8917270
+NC,under18,2006,2166393
+NC,total,2008,9309449
+NC,under18,2008,2252101
+NC,total,2007,9118037
+NC,under18,2007,2219168
+NC,under18,2013,2285605
+NC,total,2013,9848060
+NC,total,2009,9449566
+NC,under18,2009,2272955
+NC,total,2010,9559533
+NC,under18,2010,2282288
+NC,under18,2011,2284238
+NC,total,2011,9651377
+NC,under18,2012,2284122
+NC,total,2012,9748364
+ND,total,2012,701345
+ND,under18,2012,156765
+ND,total,2011,684867
+ND,under18,2011,152357
+ND,under18,2010,150179
+ND,total,2010,674344
+ND,total,2009,664968
+ND,under18,2009,148674
+ND,total,2013,723393
+ND,under18,2013,162688
+ND,total,2007,652822
+ND,under18,2007,147263
+ND,total,2008,657569
+ND,under18,2008,147462
+ND,total,2006,649422
+ND,under18,2006,147331
+ND,total,2005,646089
+ND,under18,2005,148119
+ND,total,2003,638817
+ND,under18,2003,150406
+ND,total,2004,644705
+ND,under18,2004,149128
+ND,total,2002,638168
+ND,under18,2002,153097
+ND,total,2001,639062
+ND,under18,2001,156113
+ND,total,1999,644259
+ND,under18,1999,163056
+ND,total,2000,642023
+ND,under18,2000,160477
+ND,total,1997,649716
+ND,under18,1997,167475
+ND,under18,1998,165448
+ND,total,1998,647532
+ND,under18,1996,169257
+ND,total,1996,650382
+ND,total,1995,647832
+ND,under18,1995,171146
+ND,under18,1994,172160
+ND,total,1994,644806
+ND,under18,1992,172052
+ND,total,1992,638223
+ND,total,1993,641216
+ND,under18,1993,172168
+ND,total,1991,635753
+ND,under18,1991,171730
+ND,under18,1990,170920
+ND,total,1990,637685
+OH,under18,1990,2778491
+OH,total,1990,10864162
+OH,total,1991,10945762
+OH,under18,1991,2806959
+OH,total,1993,11101140
+OH,under18,1993,2855785
+OH,under18,1992,2839356
+OH,total,1992,11029431
+OH,under18,1994,2875397
+OH,total,1994,11152455
+OH,total,1995,11202751
+OH,under18,1995,2879930
+OH,under18,1996,2883443
+OH,total,1996,11242827
+OH,under18,1998,2896255
+OH,total,1998,11311536
+OH,total,1997,11277357
+OH,under18,1997,2897375
+OH,total,2000,11363543
+OH,under18,2000,2886585
+OH,total,1999,11335454
+OH,under18,1999,2893270
+OH,total,2001,11387404
+OH,under18,2001,2878123
+OH,total,2002,11407889
+OH,under18,2002,2865674
+OH,total,2004,11452251
+OH,under18,2004,2836068
+OH,total,2003,11434788
+OH,under18,2003,2849573
+OH,total,2005,11463320
+OH,under18,2005,2819794
+OH,total,2006,11481213
+OH,under18,2006,2804828
+OH,total,2008,11515391
+OH,under18,2008,2768968
+OH,total,2007,11500468
+OH,under18,2007,2790347
+OH,under18,2013,2649830
+OH,total,2013,11570808
+OH,total,2009,11528896
+OH,under18,2009,2748051
+OH,total,2010,11545435
+OH,under18,2010,2722589
+OH,under18,2011,2693469
+OH,total,2011,11549772
+OH,under18,2012,2668125
+OH,total,2012,11553031
+OK,total,2012,3815780
+OK,under18,2012,939911
+OK,total,2011,3785534
+OK,under18,2011,935714
+OK,under18,2010,931483
+OK,total,2010,3759263
+OK,total,2009,3717572
+OK,under18,2009,922711
+OK,total,2013,3850568
+OK,under18,2013,947027
+OK,total,2007,3634349
+OK,under18,2007,904328
+OK,total,2008,3668976
+OK,under18,2008,910617
+OK,total,2006,3594090
+OK,under18,2006,894761
+OK,total,2005,3548597
+OK,under18,2005,885316
+OK,total,2003,3504892
+OK,under18,2003,883959
+OK,total,2004,3525233
+OK,under18,2004,881606
+OK,total,2002,3489080
+OK,under18,2002,884961
+OK,total,2001,3467100
+OK,under18,2001,885218
+OK,total,1999,3437148
+OK,under18,1999,895678
+OK,total,2000,3454365
+OK,under18,2000,891847
+OK,total,1997,3372918
+OK,under18,1997,893835
+OK,under18,1998,898501
+OK,total,1998,3405194
+OK,under18,1996,887093
+OK,total,1996,3340129
+OK,total,1995,3308208
+OK,under18,1995,883667
+OK,under18,1994,877803
+OK,total,1994,3280940
+OK,under18,1992,862548
+OK,total,1992,3220517
+OK,total,1993,3252285
+OK,under18,1993,870137
+OK,total,1991,3175440
+OK,under18,1991,849639
+OK,under18,1990,841715
+OK,total,1990,3148825
+OR,under18,1990,742436
+OR,total,1990,2860375
+OR,total,1991,2928507
+OR,under18,1991,752442
+OR,total,1993,3060367
+OR,under18,1993,778973
+OR,under18,1992,770191
+OR,total,1992,2991755
+OR,under18,1994,793435
+OR,total,1994,3121264
+OR,total,1995,3184369
+OR,under18,1995,806512
+OR,under18,1996,816102
+OR,total,1996,3247111
+OR,under18,1998,837928
+OR,total,1998,3352449
+OR,total,1997,3304310
+OR,under18,1997,830002
+OR,total,2000,3429708
+OR,under18,2000,847511
+OR,total,1999,3393941
+OR,under18,1999,843484
+OR,total,2001,3467937
+OR,under18,2001,848663
+OR,total,2002,3513424
+OR,under18,2002,850733
+OR,total,2004,3569463
+OR,under18,2004,846786
+OR,total,2003,3547376
+OR,under18,2003,850251
+OR,total,2005,3613202
+OR,under18,2005,849323
+OR,total,2006,3670883
+OR,under18,2006,857003
+OR,total,2008,3768748
+OR,under18,2008,865664
+OR,total,2007,3722417
+OR,under18,2007,862161
+OR,under18,2013,857606
+OR,total,2013,3930065
+OR,total,2009,3808600
+OR,under18,2009,866194
+OR,total,2010,3837208
+OR,under18,2010,865129
+OR,under18,2011,862518
+OR,total,2011,3867937
+OR,under18,2012,859910
+OR,total,2012,3899801
+PA,total,2012,12764475
+PA,under18,2012,2737905
+PA,total,2011,12741310
+PA,under18,2011,2761343
+PA,under18,2010,2785316
+PA,total,2010,12710472
+PA,total,2009,12666858
+PA,under18,2009,2804929
+PA,total,2013,12773801
+PA,under18,2013,2715645
+PA,total,2007,12563937
+PA,under18,2007,2839574
+PA,total,2008,12612285
+PA,under18,2008,2821004
+PA,total,2006,12510809
+PA,under18,2006,2850778
+PA,total,2005,12449990
+PA,under18,2005,2859793
+PA,total,2003,12374658
+PA,under18,2003,2883270
+PA,total,2004,12410722
+PA,under18,2004,2873125
+PA,total,2002,12331031
+PA,under18,2002,2894935
+PA,total,2001,12298970
+PA,under18,2001,2905836
+PA,total,1999,12263805
+PA,under18,1999,2930193
+PA,total,2000,12284173
+PA,under18,2000,2918850
+PA,total,1997,12227814
+PA,under18,1997,2942240
+PA,under18,1998,2940285
+PA,total,1998,12245672
+PA,under18,1996,2937411
+PA,total,1996,12220464
+PA,total,1995,12198403
+PA,under18,1995,2941531
+PA,under18,1994,2932851
+PA,total,1994,12166050
+PA,under18,1992,2873013
+PA,total,1992,12049450
+PA,total,1993,12119724
+PA,under18,1993,2907351
+PA,total,1991,11982164
+PA,under18,1991,2830059
+PA,under18,1990,2799168
+PA,total,1990,11903299
+RI,under18,1990,225923
+RI,total,1990,1005995
+RI,total,1991,1010649
+RI,under18,1991,229448
+RI,total,1993,1015113
+RI,under18,1993,237218
+RI,under18,1992,232630
+RI,total,1992,1012581
+RI,under18,1994,239100
+RI,total,1994,1015960
+RI,total,1995,1017002
+RI,under18,1995,240553
+RI,under18,1996,240569
+RI,total,1996,1020893
+RI,under18,1998,241760
+RI,total,1998,1031155
+RI,total,1997,1025353
+RI,under18,1997,242079
+RI,total,2000,1050268
+RI,under18,2000,248065
+RI,total,1999,1040402
+RI,under18,1999,247014
+RI,total,2001,1057142
+RI,under18,2001,248296
+RI,total,2002,1065995
+RI,under18,2002,248690
+RI,total,2004,1074579
+RI,under18,2004,246228
+RI,total,2003,1071342
+RI,under18,2003,248075
+RI,total,2005,1067916
+RI,under18,2005,241932
+RI,total,2006,1063096
+RI,under18,2006,237348
+RI,total,2008,1055003
+RI,under18,2008,229798
+RI,total,2007,1057315
+RI,under18,2007,233655
+RI,under18,2013,213987
+RI,total,2013,1051511
+RI,total,2009,1053646
+RI,under18,2009,225902
+RI,total,2010,1052669
+RI,under18,2010,223088
+RI,under18,2011,219783
+RI,total,2011,1050350
+RI,under18,2012,216591
+RI,total,2012,1050304
+SC,total,2012,4723417
+SC,under18,2012,1077455
+SC,total,2011,4673509
+SC,under18,2011,1076524
+SC,under18,2010,1079978
+SC,total,2010,4636361
+SC,total,2009,4589872
+SC,under18,2009,1079729
+SC,total,2013,4774839
+SC,under18,2013,1079798
+SC,total,2007,4444110
+SC,under18,2007,1064190
+SC,total,2008,4528996
+SC,under18,2008,1074116
+SC,total,2006,4357847
+SC,under18,2006,1050042
+SC,total,2005,4270150
+SC,under18,2005,1036941
+SC,total,2003,4150297
+SC,under18,2003,1023785
+SC,total,2004,4210921
+SC,under18,2004,1029111
+SC,total,2002,4107795
+SC,under18,2002,1020531
+SC,total,2001,4064995
+SC,under18,2001,1016134
+SC,total,1999,3974682
+SC,under18,1999,1007050
+SC,total,2000,4024223
+SC,under18,2000,1010641
+SC,total,1997,3859696
+SC,under18,1997,1001681
+SC,under18,1998,1006371
+SC,total,1998,3919235
+SC,under18,1996,987576
+SC,total,1996,3796200
+SC,total,1995,3748582
+SC,under18,1995,975884
+SC,under18,1994,969766
+SC,total,1994,3705397
+SC,under18,1992,947868
+SC,total,1992,3620464
+SC,total,1993,3663314
+SC,under18,1993,956951
+SC,total,1991,3570404
+SC,under18,1991,936122
+SC,under18,1990,921041
+SC,total,1990,3501155
+SD,under18,1990,199453
+SD,total,1990,697101
+SD,total,1991,703669
+SD,under18,1991,201749
+SD,total,1993,722160
+SD,under18,1993,207975
+SD,under18,1992,206632
+SD,total,1992,712801
+SD,under18,1994,208443
+SD,total,1994,730790
+SD,total,1995,737926
+SD,under18,1995,207890
+SD,under18,1996,205780
+SD,total,1996,742214
+SD,under18,1998,204786
+SD,total,1998,746059
+SD,total,1997,744223
+SD,under18,1997,205978
+SD,total,2000,755844
+SD,under18,2000,202681
+SD,total,1999,750413
+SD,under18,1999,203737
+SD,total,2001,757972
+SD,under18,2001,200795
+SD,total,2002,760020
+SD,under18,2002,198694
+SD,total,2004,770396
+SD,under18,2004,196804
+SD,total,2003,763729
+SD,under18,2003,197326
+SD,total,2005,775493
+SD,under18,2005,196476
+SD,total,2006,783033
+SD,under18,2006,197332
+SD,total,2008,799124
+SD,under18,2008,199848
+SD,total,2007,791623
+SD,under18,2007,198847
+SD,under18,2013,207959
+SD,total,2013,844877
+SD,total,2009,807067
+SD,under18,2009,201204
+SD,total,2010,816211
+SD,under18,2010,203145
+SD,under18,2011,203948
+SD,total,2011,823772
+SD,under18,2012,205298
+SD,total,2012,834047
+TN,total,2012,6454914
+TN,under18,2012,1492689
+TN,total,2011,6398361
+TN,under18,2011,1491837
+TN,under18,2010,1495090
+TN,total,2010,6356683
+TN,total,2009,6306019
+TN,under18,2009,1494687
+TN,total,2013,6495978
+TN,under18,2013,1491577
+TN,total,2007,6175727
+TN,under18,2007,1482747
+TN,total,2008,6247411
+TN,under18,2008,1494354
+TN,total,2006,6088766
+TN,under18,2006,1470166
+TN,total,2005,5991057
+TN,under18,2005,1449326
+TN,total,2003,5847812
+TN,under18,2003,1424861
+TN,total,2004,5910809
+TN,under18,2004,1433343
+TN,total,2002,5795918
+TN,under18,2002,1414857
+TN,total,2001,5750789
+TN,under18,2001,1407578
+TN,total,1999,5638706
+TN,under18,1999,1385997
+TN,total,2000,5703719
+TN,under18,2000,1399685
+TN,total,1997,5499233
+TN,under18,1997,1359030
+TN,under18,1998,1369987
+TN,total,1998,5570045
+TN,under18,1996,1345723
+TN,total,1996,5416643
+TN,total,1995,5326936
+TN,under18,1995,1331616
+TN,under18,1994,1310988
+TN,total,1994,5231438
+TN,under18,1992,1259458
+TN,total,1992,5049742
+TN,total,1993,5137584
+TN,under18,1993,1285044
+TN,total,1991,4966587
+TN,under18,1991,1233260
+TN,under18,1990,1220200
+TN,total,1990,4894492
+TX,under18,1990,4906220
+TX,total,1990,17056755
+TX,total,1991,17398005
+TX,under18,1991,5000793
+TX,total,1993,18161612
+TX,under18,1993,5217899
+TX,under18,1992,5109805
+TX,total,1992,17759738
+TX,under18,1994,5331524
+TX,total,1994,18564062
+TX,total,1995,18958751
+TX,under18,1995,5421784
+TX,under18,1996,5551447
+TX,total,1996,19340342
+TX,under18,1998,5759054
+TX,total,1998,20157531
+TX,total,1997,19740317
+TX,under18,1997,5655482
+TX,total,2000,20944499
+TX,under18,2000,5906301
+TX,total,1999,20558220
+TX,under18,1999,5840211
+TX,total,2001,21319622
+TX,under18,2001,5980187
+TX,total,2002,21690325
+TX,under18,2002,6060372
+TX,total,2004,22394023
+TX,under18,2004,6208259
+TX,total,2003,22030931
+TX,under18,2003,6132980
+TX,total,2005,22778123
+TX,under18,2005,6290970
+TX,total,2006,23359580
+TX,under18,2006,6446798
+TX,total,2008,24309039
+TX,under18,2008,6675917
+TX,total,2007,23831983
+TX,under18,2007,6565872
+TX,under18,2013,7041986
+TX,total,2013,26448193
+TX,total,2009,24801761
+TX,under18,2009,6792907
+TX,total,2010,25245178
+TX,under18,2010,6879014
+TX,under18,2011,6931758
+TX,total,2011,25640909
+TX,under18,2012,6985807
+TX,total,2012,26060796
+UT,total,2012,2854871
+UT,under18,2012,888578
+UT,total,2011,2814784
+UT,under18,2011,881350
+UT,under18,2010,873019
+UT,total,2010,2774424
+UT,total,2009,2723421
+UT,under18,2009,857853
+UT,total,2013,2900872
+UT,under18,2013,896589
+UT,total,2007,2597746
+UT,under18,2007,815496
+UT,total,2008,2663029
+UT,under18,2008,837258
+UT,total,2006,2525507
+UT,under18,2006,789957
+UT,total,2005,2457719
+UT,under18,2005,767888
+UT,total,2003,2360137
+UT,under18,2003,740483
+UT,total,2004,2401580
+UT,under18,2004,751771
+UT,total,2002,2324815
+UT,under18,2002,733517
+UT,total,2001,2283715
+UT,under18,2001,726819
+UT,total,1999,2203482
+UT,under18,1999,715398
+UT,total,2000,2244502
+UT,under18,2000,721686
+UT,total,1997,2119784
+UT,under18,1997,699528
+UT,under18,1998,709386
+UT,total,1998,2165961
+UT,under18,1996,687078
+UT,total,1996,2067976
+UT,total,1995,2014179
+UT,under18,1995,679636
+UT,under18,1994,673935
+UT,total,1994,1960446
+UT,under18,1992,648725
+UT,total,1992,1836799
+UT,total,1993,1898404
+UT,under18,1993,662968
+UT,total,1991,1779780
+UT,under18,1991,637216
+UT,under18,1990,627122
+UT,total,1990,1731223
+VT,under18,1990,143296
+VT,total,1990,564798
+VT,total,1991,568606
+VT,under18,1991,145219
+VT,total,1993,577748
+VT,under18,1993,148705
+VT,under18,1992,146983
+VT,total,1992,572751
+VT,under18,1994,150794
+VT,total,1994,583836
+VT,total,1995,589003
+VT,under18,1995,151439
+VT,under18,1996,151490
+VT,total,1996,593701
+VT,under18,1998,148467
+VT,total,1998,600416
+VT,total,1997,597239
+VT,under18,1997,150040
+VT,total,2000,609618
+VT,under18,2000,147549
+VT,total,1999,604683
+VT,under18,1999,147859
+VT,total,2001,612223
+VT,under18,2001,146040
+VT,total,2002,615442
+VT,under18,2002,144441
+VT,total,2004,619920
+VT,under18,2004,141068
+VT,total,2003,617858
+VT,under18,2003,142718
+VT,total,2005,621215
+VT,under18,2005,138933
+VT,total,2006,622892
+VT,under18,2006,136731
+VT,total,2008,624151
+VT,under18,2008,132600
+VT,total,2007,623481
+VT,under18,2007,134695
+VT,under18,2013,122701
+VT,total,2013,626630
+VT,total,2009,624817
+VT,under18,2009,130450
+VT,total,2010,625793
+VT,under18,2010,128601
+VT,under18,2011,126500
+VT,total,2011,626320
+VT,under18,2012,124555
+VT,total,2012,625953
+VA,total,2012,8186628
+VA,under18,2012,1861323
+VA,total,2011,8105850
+VA,under18,2011,1857585
+VA,under18,2010,1855025
+VA,total,2010,8024417
+VA,total,2009,7925937
+VA,under18,2009,1845132
+VA,total,2013,8260405
+VA,under18,2013,1864535
+VA,total,2007,7751000
+VA,under18,2007,1834386
+VA,total,2008,7833496
+VA,under18,2008,1838361
+VA,total,2005,7577105
+VA,under18,2005,1816270
+VA,total,2006,7673725
+VA,under18,2006,1826368
+VA,total,2003,7366977
+VA,under18,2003,1782254
+VA,total,2004,7475575
+VA,under18,2004,1801958
+VA,total,2002,7286873
+VA,under18,2002,1771247
+VA,total,2001,7198362
+VA,under18,2001,1754549
+VA,total,1999,7000174
+VA,under18,1999,1723125
+VA,total,2000,7105817
+VA,under18,2000,1741420
+VA,total,1997,6829183
+VA,under18,1997,1683766
+VA,under18,1998,1706261
+VA,total,1998,6900918
+VA,under18,1996,1664147
+VA,total,1996,6750884
+VA,total,1995,6670693
+VA,under18,1995,1649005
+VA,under18,1994,1628711
+VA,total,1994,6593139
+VA,under18,1992,1581544
+VA,total,1992,6414307
+VA,total,1993,6509630
+VA,under18,1993,1604758
+VA,total,1991,6301217
+VA,under18,1991,1548258
+VA,under18,1990,1520670
+VA,total,1990,6216884
+WA,under18,1990,1301545
+WA,total,1990,4903043
+WA,total,1991,5025624
+WA,under18,1991,1326527
+WA,total,1993,5278842
+WA,under18,1993,1387716
+WA,under18,1992,1365480
+WA,total,1992,5160757
+WA,under18,1994,1409922
+WA,total,1994,5375161
+WA,total,1995,5481027
+WA,under18,1995,1429397
+WA,under18,1996,1449613
+WA,total,1996,5569753
+WA,under18,1998,1494784
+WA,total,1998,5769562
+WA,total,1997,5674747
+WA,under18,1997,1473646
+WA,total,2000,5910512
+WA,under18,2000,1516361
+WA,total,1999,5842564
+WA,under18,1999,1507824
+WA,total,2001,5985722
+WA,under18,2001,1517527
+WA,total,2002,6052349
+WA,under18,2002,1517655
+WA,total,2004,6178645
+WA,under18,2004,1520751
+WA,total,2003,6104115
+WA,under18,2003,1514877
+WA,total,2005,6257305
+WA,under18,2005,1523890
+WA,total,2006,6370753
+WA,under18,2006,1536926
+WA,total,2008,6562231
+WA,under18,2008,1560302
+WA,total,2007,6461587
+WA,under18,2007,1549582
+WA,under18,2013,1595795
+WA,total,2013,6971406
+WA,total,2009,6667426
+WA,under18,2009,1574403
+WA,total,2010,6742256
+WA,under18,2010,1581436
+WA,under18,2011,1584709
+WA,total,2011,6821481
+WA,under18,2012,1588451
+WA,total,2012,6895318
+WV,total,2012,1856680
+WV,under18,2012,384030
+WV,total,2011,1855184
+WV,under18,2011,385283
+WV,under18,2010,387224
+WV,total,2010,1854146
+WV,total,2009,1847775
+WV,under18,2009,389036
+WV,total,2013,1854304
+WV,under18,2013,381678
+WV,total,2007,1834052
+WV,under18,2007,390661
+WV,total,2008,1840310
+WV,under18,2008,390210
+WV,total,2006,1827912
+WV,under18,2006,390637
+WV,total,2005,1820492
+WV,under18,2005,390431
+WV,total,2003,1812295
+WV,under18,2003,392460
+WV,total,2004,1816438
+WV,under18,2004,391856
+WV,total,2002,1805414
+WV,under18,2002,393569
+WV,total,2001,1801481
+WV,under18,2001,395307
+WV,total,1999,1811799
+WV,under18,1999,406784
+WV,total,2000,1807021
+WV,under18,2000,401062
+WV,total,1997,1819113
+WV,under18,1997,418037
+WV,under18,1998,412793
+WV,total,1998,1815609
+WV,under18,1996,422831
+WV,total,1996,1822808
+WV,total,1995,1823700
+WV,under18,1995,428790
+WV,under18,1994,429128
+WV,total,1994,1820421
+WV,under18,1992,433116
+WV,total,1992,1806451
+WV,total,1993,1817539
+WV,under18,1993,432364
+WV,total,1991,1798735
+WV,under18,1991,433918
+WV,under18,1990,436797
+WV,total,1990,1792548
+WI,under18,1990,1302869
+WI,total,1990,4904562
+WI,total,1991,4964343
+WI,under18,1991,1314855
+WI,total,1993,5084889
+WI,under18,1993,1337334
+WI,under18,1992,1330555
+WI,total,1992,5025398
+WI,under18,1994,1348110
+WI,total,1994,5133678
+WI,total,1995,5184836
+WI,under18,1995,1351343
+WI,under18,1996,1352877
+WI,total,1996,5229986
+WI,under18,1998,1362907
+WI,total,1998,5297673
+WI,total,1997,5266213
+WI,under18,1997,1359712
+WI,total,1999,5332666
+WI,under18,1999,1367019
+WI,total,2000,5373999
+WI,under18,2000,1370440
+WI,total,2001,5406835
+WI,under18,2001,1367593
+WI,total,2002,5445162
+WI,under18,2002,1365315
+WI,total,2004,5514026
+WI,under18,2004,1354643
+WI,total,2003,5479203
+WI,under18,2003,1358505
+WI,total,2005,5546166
+WI,under18,2005,1349866
+WI,total,2006,5577655
+WI,under18,2006,1348785
+WI,total,2008,5640996
+WI,under18,2008,1345573
+WI,total,2007,5610775
+WI,under18,2007,1348901
+WI,under18,2013,1307776
+WI,total,2013,5742713
+WI,total,2009,5669264
+WI,under18,2009,1342411
+WI,total,2010,5689060
+WI,under18,2010,1336094
+WI,under18,2011,1325870
+WI,total,2011,5708785
+WI,under18,2012,1316113
+WI,total,2012,5724554
+WY,total,2012,576626
+WY,under18,2012,136526
+WY,total,2011,567329
+WY,under18,2011,135407
+WY,under18,2010,135351
+WY,total,2010,564222
+WY,total,2009,559851
+WY,under18,2009,134960
+WY,total,2013,582658
+WY,under18,2013,137679
+WY,total,2007,534876
+WY,under18,2007,128760
+WY,total,2008,546043
+WY,under18,2008,131511
+WY,total,2006,522667
+WY,under18,2006,125525
+WY,total,2005,514157
+WY,under18,2005,124022
+WY,total,2003,503453
+WY,under18,2003,124182
+WY,total,2004,509106
+WY,under18,2004,123974
+WY,total,2002,500017
+WY,under18,2002,125495
+WY,total,2001,494657
+WY,under18,2001,126212
+WY,total,2000,494300
+WY,under18,2000,128774
+WY,total,1999,491780
+WY,under18,1999,130793
+WY,total,1997,489452
+WY,under18,1997,134328
+WY,under18,1998,132602
+WY,total,1998,490787
+WY,under18,1996,135698
+WY,total,1996,488167
+WY,total,1995,485160
+WY,under18,1995,136785
+WY,under18,1994,137733
+WY,total,1994,480283
+WY,under18,1992,137308
+WY,total,1992,466251
+WY,total,1993,473081
+WY,under18,1993,137458
+WY,total,1991,459260
+WY,under18,1991,136720
+WY,under18,1990,136078
+WY,total,1990,453690
+PR,under18,1990,NaN
+PR,total,1990,NaN
+PR,total,1991,NaN
+PR,under18,1991,NaN
+PR,total,1993,NaN
+PR,under18,1993,NaN
+PR,under18,1992,NaN
+PR,total,1992,NaN
+PR,under18,1994,NaN
+PR,total,1994,NaN
+PR,total,1995,NaN
+PR,under18,1995,NaN
+PR,under18,1996,NaN
+PR,total,1996,NaN
+PR,under18,1998,NaN
+PR,total,1998,NaN
+PR,total,1997,NaN
+PR,under18,1997,NaN
+PR,total,1999,NaN
+PR,under18,1999,NaN
+PR,total,2000,3810605
+PR,under18,2000,1089063
+PR,total,2001,3818774
+PR,under18,2001,1077566
+PR,total,2002,3823701
+PR,under18,2002,1065051
+PR,total,2004,3826878
+PR,under18,2004,1035919
+PR,total,2003,3826095
+PR,under18,2003,1050615
+PR,total,2005,3821362
+PR,under18,2005,1019447
+PR,total,2006,3805214
+PR,under18,2006,998543
+PR,total,2007,3782995
+PR,under18,2007,973613
+PR,total,2008,3760866
+PR,under18,2008,945705
+PR,under18,2013,814068
+PR,total,2013,3615086
+PR,total,2009,3740410
+PR,under18,2009,920794
+PR,total,2010,3721208
+PR,under18,2010,896945
+PR,under18,2011,869327
+PR,total,2011,3686580
+PR,under18,2012,841740
+PR,total,2012,3651545
+USA,under18,1990,64218512
+USA,total,1990,249622814
+USA,total,1991,252980942
+USA,under18,1991,65313018
+USA,under18,1992,66509177
+USA,total,1992,256514231
+USA,total,1993,259918595
+USA,under18,1993,67594938
+USA,under18,1994,68640936
+USA,total,1994,263125826
+USA,under18,1995,69473140
+USA,under18,1996,70233512
+USA,total,1995,266278403
+USA,total,1996,269394291
+USA,total,1997,272646932
+USA,under18,1997,70920738
+USA,under18,1998,71431406
+USA,total,1998,275854116
+USA,under18,1999,71946051
+USA,total,2000,282162411
+USA,under18,2000,72376189
+USA,total,1999,279040181
+USA,total,2001,284968955
+USA,under18,2001,72671175
+USA,total,2002,287625193
+USA,under18,2002,72936457
+USA,total,2003,290107933
+USA,under18,2003,73100758
+USA,total,2004,292805298
+USA,under18,2004,73297735
+USA,total,2005,295516599
+USA,under18,2005,73523669
+USA,total,2006,298379912
+USA,under18,2006,73757714
+USA,total,2007,301231207
+USA,under18,2007,74019405
+USA,total,2008,304093966
+USA,under18,2008,74104602
+USA,under18,2013,73585872
+USA,total,2013,316128839
+USA,total,2009,306771529
+USA,under18,2009,74134167
+USA,under18,2010,74119556
+USA,total,2010,309326295
+USA,under18,2011,73902222
+USA,total,2011,311582564
+USA,under18,2012,73708179
+USA,total,2012,313873685